ارزیابی آثار طرح ویژه بهسازی مسکن در تغییر ساختار کالبدی و عملکرد اقتصادی مساکن روستایی (مورد مطالعه: دهستان ئیلاق جنوبی، شهرستان دهگلان)

مسکن روستایی با معماری ویژه و ساختار کارکردی خاص خود نیازمند بهسازی و مقاوم‏سازی است. در این راستا، دولت‏ها با اعمال سیاست‏های حمایتی نقش بسزایی در ارتقای سطح استانداردهای کمی و کیفی مسکن دارند. اما برخی مداخلات آن‏ها در حوز توسعه مسکن روستایی ممکن است به تحولاتی منجر شود که جنبه‏های کالبدی و کارکردی مسکن روستایی را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی اثرهای طرح بهسازی مسکن روستایی بر ابعاد اقتصادی و کالبدی مسکن روستایی انجام گرفته است. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی و ماهیت آن کاربردی است. شیوه گردآوری داده‏ها به روش اسنادی و مشاهده میدانی بوده که در مطالعه میدانی از پرسش‏نامه استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل روستاهای دهستان ئیلاق جنوبی است که به طور نمونه سه روستای قادرمرز، باشماق، و بکرآباد ارزیابی شده‏اند. با استفاده از فرمول اصلاح‏شده کوکران، 60 واحد مسکونی به‏عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد و شاخص‏های اقتصادی و کالبدی مسکن روستایی در قالب 29 گویه ارزیابی شد. برای آزمون فرضیات از روش‏های آماری t تک‏نمونه‏ای، کای اسکوئر، و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‏دهد نوسازی مسکن موجب افزایش سطح رضایتمندی ساکنان از ابعاد کالبدی مسکن از جمله افزایش استحکام بنا و نوع مصالح مورد استفاده ‏شده است؛ اما از بُعد اقتصادی به‏دلیل حذف فضاهای معیشتی و کاهش سطح زیربنای واحد مسکونی اقتصاد خانوار تحت تاثیر قرار گرفته و سطح رضایتمندی ساکنان را کاهش داده است.

Evaluation of the effects of a housing renovation special plan on the physical structure and economic performance of rural houses (Case study: eilagh e jonobi village, Dehgolan County)

IntroductionHousing in the sense of a place of residence is exciting, relaxing and soothing, and in the term is a shelter between the life, the family and the surrounding environment, and has a role to play in meeting the biological, life, economic, social, cultural and psychological needs. Failure to comply with rural housing in the face of the occurrence of a natural disaster and the erosive texture of these homes has led the government to try to improve the quality of rural housing through policy and implementation of various solutions. The village housing improvement plan has been started in 1995 with the aim of improving the quality of housing and village infrastructure and improving the level of safety, health, wellbeing and comfort of rural housing. This project is a kind of urban housing facade and display in the traditional tissue of the villages. In the city of Dehgolan also has been operational. The city of Dehgolan, as one of the cities of Kurdistan province, has a significant part of the rural population and has five rural districts in terms of its divisions. This study is intended to assess the housing situation in the eilaghe jonobi Village. The number of residential units in this village is over 2.639 units, based on existing data and field observations, a significant portion of them are irresistible. In this regard, the present research attempts to answer the question of the effects and consequences of the housing development project on the cardiovascular and economic dimensions of the villages in the studied area.MethodologyThe methodology of this study is a descriptiveanalytic librarysurvey. The statistical population of the study is Southern ılagh village located in Dehgolan city and the sample is three villages of Qadarmars, Bashmaq and Bakarabad. The main method of collecting data, observing the field and using the tool of the questionnaire and considering the wide area of the study, from a total of 606 residential units located in the studied villages, using the modified Cochran method, 60 residential units were selected as the sample. Using randomized stratified sampling method, percentage and share of sample size of each village were selected. A questionnaire was used to collect field data. To assess its validity and reliability, experts’ opinions and Cronbach’s alpha method were used, respectively, for economic indicators that consisted of 15 items, equal to 0/744, and for the physical index Which has 14 components, the coefficient was 0/897. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics methods such as chisquare test, onesample ttest and Spearman correlation coefficient were used.Results and discussionThe evaluation of descriptive data obtained from the field study shows that the occupation of agriculture and livestock as well as labor is among the respondents the most, so that 38.3% of the respondents have jobs in agriculture and animal husbandry and 31.7% are engaged in work activities. They are The surface area of the residential unit renovated in 55% of the examined cases, less than 80 m and 45% have a residential floor surface of 120200 m. The total number of respondents has one floor renovated housing and 51.7% of the responding households have a residential unit of 2 rooms and 48.3% of the properties surveyed have one room. The evaluation of three important components regarding the measurement of the quality of the physical dimension of housing suggests that housing renovation has a positive effect on improving the quality indices, such as building strength, increasing the level of satisfaction with the type of materials and structural strength, and observing the principles and technical standards in Has a construction, so that with a significant level of 0.000, the chisquare coefficient for the component of increasing the strength of the building was 13.300, for the overall satisfaction of the physical dimension equal to 24.933 and for the evaluation of the effect on the observance of technical principles, equal to 40.933. The results of ttest on the hypothesis indicate its significance and the negative effect of housing renovation on the participation rate of women in economic activities, so that with a significant level of 0.000, the coefficient of ttest is equal to 9.742 that confirms the hypothesis of the effect of housing renovation and Changing the functions of rural housing emphasizes the level of women’s participation in economic activities. ConclusionIn the present study, the effects of the implementation of a special rural housing improvement plan on structuralfunctional changes in rural housing in the southern part of the Dehgolan city were investigated. Despite the prevalence of the number of nonrugged residential units in this village, over the past two decades, many of the wornout buildings have been renovated and renovated in the framework of this plan. The study of 15 economic categories indicates that, due to the type of rural livelihood that is often farmed, renovation of housing does not have a favorable effect on household economic status and has somehow undermined the diverse economic activities of rural households. Surveying the level of satisfaction with the physical aspects of rural housing has shown a relatively favorable situation, so that owners are pleased with the improvement of the level of safety and the degree of resistance of the building and the type of materials used in the manufacturing process and because of the benefit of spaces such as toilets, baths And the kitchen, consider the quality and sanitary level of the renovated housing as desirable. But they are not satisfied with the limited level of infrastructure and their lack of attention to the design of the interior plans of rural houses. Respondents have been of the opinion that the way of constructing new homes has changed the traditional landscape of villages and, by following the design and architecture of urban housing, minimize the environmental and climatic factors in the construction of new housing. Keywords: Housing, Rural Housing, Special Housing Reform Plan, Physical and Economic Performance, eilaghe jonobi villages.