تبیین نقش و کارکرد ژئوپلیتیک خلیج چابهار در تحولات اقیانوس هند (با تاکید بر رقابت‌های میان هند و چین)

پس از فروپاشی شوروی در سده بیستم، مناسبات ژئوپلیتیک در مقیاس جهانی سرشتی ژئواکونومیک­محور یافت؛ بدین معنا که کارکرد اقتصادی مکان‌ها به آن‌ها وزن ژئوپلیتیک داد. خلیج چابهار فضای جغرافیایی واجد نقش‌آفرینی ژئوپلیتیک است که در کانون توجه قدرت‌های اقتصادی دنیا قرار گرفته است؛ زیرا دسترسی به پهنه‌های اقیانوس هند را فراهم می‌کند و به‌منزله محل اتصال فضای درونی و میانی با فضای بزرگ می‌تواند در ساختار نوین اقتصاد سیاسی بین‌الملل و اقتصاد سیاسی تجارت و ترانزیت انرژی در منطقه اقیانوس هند، در شکل‌دهی به سازمان همکاری‌های منطقه‌ای نقشی راهبردی ایفا کند. در این میان، ایران می‌تواند از این ظرفیت برای سامان‌دهی نهادهای منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی، به‌ویژه در منطقه اقیانوس هند استفاده کند و از این راه منافع کشورهای دیگر را با ساحل دریای عمان پیوند بزند. همچنین می‌تواند علاوه‌بر ارتقای منزلت ژئوپلیتیک خود در جهان و منطقه، با بسترسازی اجماع منطقه‌ای و جهانی، فرصت‌های جدیدی را برای تضمین امنیت ملی خود تولید کند؛ از این‌رو پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و تبیین نقش ژئوپلیتیک خلیج چابهار در رقابت میان دو قدرت هند و چین متمرکز است. روش‌شناسی حاکم بر پژوهش، روشی آمیخته است. پژوهشگر با مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و مصاحبه‌های اکتشافی، شاخص‌های مدنظر را احصا کرده و ابزار پرسشنامه را برای تایید روایی و پایایی نتایج مصاحبه‌ها را ساخته است. پس از تجزیه‌ و تحلیل نتایج در محیط نرم‌افزاری spss، مشخص شد ژئوپلیتیک خلیج چابهار با اطمینان 99 درصد در رقابت میان دو قدرت هند و چین اثرگذار است.

Explaining the Role and Function of Geopolitical the Gulf of Chabahar in Indian Ocean developments (emphasizing IndiaChina competition)

Introduction After the collapse of the Soviet Union, geopolitical relations centered on the geopolitical world scale, which means that the economic function of the places gives them geopolitical weight. Iran can use this capacity to organize. Regional and international institutions, particularly in the Indian Ocean region, thereby linking the interests of other countries with the Oman coast and, in addition to promoting its geopolitical status in the world and the region, by establishing a regional and global consensus, provide new opportunities for security And the Gulf of Chabahar, as the interconnecting space between the inner and outer space, can play a strategic role in the modern political economy of the international economy and the political economy of trade and transit of energy in the Indian Ocean region towards India and China plays a strategic role in shaping a regional cooperation organization.MethodologyThe methodology governing the research is a mixed method. Through library studies and conducting exploratory interviews, the indicators have been considered and the questionnaire has been developed to verify the validity and reliability of the interviews.Results and discussionThe present study was conducted as a correlation research to explore the geopolitical influences of Chabahar Gulf on Indian Ocean developments, especially the rivalries between India and China. In the theoretical part of the research, the researcher examined and analyzed the various theories among political actors and selected the theories that could be used as the basis for the study and the conceptual framework of the research was based on it. Finally, a hybrid model was developed and It was used as a theoretical framework for research. Regarding the gender of the research method, first, a spectrum of elites and scholars in the Indian Ocean region was identified and conducted a deep and explicit interview. In the next step, after implementing and analyzing the results of the interviews, relevant indicators and concepts, the studied axis, the questionnaire was designed to assess the validity and reliability of the interviews. The questionnaires were compiled based on the indexes and distributed among the two spectrum of experts in the field of operations. Information collected through spss software was reviewed. After analyzing the findings of the analysis, it became clear that the Chabahar Gulf possesses the potential and actual capabilities that the powers of China and India can use in their power relations between competition and cooperation. In fact, the Chabahar Gulf is a coin that plays a role on the one hand of the coin (geospatial) and on the other, the competition and the conflict (geopolitics). Iran and other political actors, by adopting a geoeconomic approach, will be able to forgive the developments in the Indian Ocean by sharing interests in the Chabahar Gulf. Therefore, two windows are open to Iran and other actors: the geopolitical window and the geospacTherefore, the Indian Ocean can be considered as a geopolitical region in which various local and global actors play a role in acquiring power resources, among which two main actors in this area are the cast of India and China, which are as active characters in the region And each attempt to turn to the hegemony of the Indian Ocean region dictates the requirements for the foreign policy instrument and the diplomacy of the two countries, India