تبیین الگوی بوم‌آورد از رهیافت توسعۀ خوشه‌ای شهر (ccd) (مطالعۀ موردی: شهرستان‌های غرب استان تهران)

مناطق به‌عنوان بستر سکونت و شکل‌گیری فعالیت‌های شهری و روستایی، امروزه با چالش‌های اساسی در زمینه‌های مختلف مواجه هستند؛ از این‌رو برنامه‌ریزی برای آن‌ها امری مهم و ‌اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. توسعه خوشه‌ای شهر، رویکردی شهرمحور است که برای دستیابی به توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی پایدار در مناطق پیشنهاد شده است. این رویکرد با بهره‌گیری از هشت عامل کلیدی به شناسایی کانون‌های شهری همگن و ارائه طرح توسعه مشترک در مناطق پرداخته و قابلیت عملکرد و فعالیت شهرها را با بررسی زمینه‌های مشترک ارزیابی می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش تبیین مدل مفهومی از ابعاد و شاخص‌های موثر در این رویکرد و بررسی آن در بخشی از استان تهران است. براساس سوابق نظری، پیدایش خوشه‌های شهری با مفهوم حوزه شهری ارتباط دارد، اما از آنجا که شاخص‌های موثر این مفهوم در دوره‌های زمانی مختلف و بنا به شرایط هر منطقه متفاوت است، حوزه‌های شهری در پنج الگو بررسی و ارتباط آن با عوامل کلیدی مشخص شده است. براساس تحلیل فوق، از هشت عامل موثر، چهار مورد در تشخیص خوشه‌های همگن و مابقی در طرح پیشنهادی قابل‌ارائه است. این رویکرد در شش شهرستان غرب استان تهران با استفاده از روش‌های تحلیل‌خوشه‌ای و promethee بررسی شده است. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌دهد، بخشی از شهرستان‌های مورد بررسی عملکرد و فعالیتی هماهنگ با یکدیگر دارند و تقسیم آن‌ها به شهرستان‌های مجزا به‌دلیل نبود مدیریت یکپارچه نمی‌تواند موجب توسعه هماهنگ مناطق شود. ‌

Explaining the local Model of the City Cluster Development (CCD) in the West Districts of ‎Tehran Province

AbstractCity cluster development is an urbanled approach that was proposed for achieving sustainable ‎economic and social development in the regions. This approach utilizes eight key factors for ‎identifying homogeneous urban centers for providing a joint development plan in the regions. The ‎purpose of this research is to review the conceptual model and indicators that affect on and ‎examine it in a part of Tehran province. According to the survey, the emergence of urban clusters ‎is related to the urban field concept, but the effective indicators on this concept differ in periods of ‎time and conditions of the regions, so the urban field analysis done by using content analysis ‎method in 5 patterns and its relation with the above key factors. The results of the analysis show ‎that four cases can be identified in homogeneous clusters and the rest can be presented in the ‎proposed scheme. ‎Introduction:‎Today, regions face major challenges in various fields, so planning for them is important and ‎inevitable. CCD is a process of economic and social development which builtup a number of ‎human settlements that linked together. CCD responds to the new patterns of urban growth, which ‎are shifting from monocentric to polycentric. Experiences show that at least eight key factors need ‎to be assessed to determine whether or not to use CCD as an instrument for urbanled, inclusive ‎economic and social development: ‎‎‎ institutional and governance mechanisms;‎‎‎ demographic, resources, and spatial ‎‎‎ factors; development planning coordination over‎‎ time and jurisdictions; use of land resources and land tenure;‎‎‎ economic growth potential and trade functions;‎‎‎ taxation, intergovernmental transfers, and fiscal discipline;‎‎‎ infrastructure and information networks; and ‎‎‎ role of private sector participationMany of the key factors mentioned are closely related. Therefore, efforts to achieve economic and ‎social development through the CCD require a full understanding of various economic, social, ‎institutional and technological resources. Therefore, the present study investigates the history of ‎urban clusters and its relation with regional development.‎In urban and regional planning, the emergence of city clusters is linked to the concept of an “urban ‎field,” which is composed of the economic and social influences emanating from a particular city. ‎The present study, considering the concept of urban field in different period times, investigates the ‎dimensions and effective components of its recognition in five patterns. According to the study, ‎four factors of the main approach will be considered in identifying urban clusters and the rest in ‎planning time.‎Methodology:‎An analysis of this approach is carried out at two levels:‎‎1. The regional dimension includes the desired Districts. This section identifies which cities can be located in each ‎cluster in terms of performance and activity.‎‎2. The local dimension that includes the cities located in each cluster and their characteristics in ‎four dimensions (demographic, social, economic and physical).‎To analyze the alternatives of this research, Cluster Analysis approach has been used at the ‎regional level and the PROMETHEE technique in local level.‎‎3. Results and discussion‎‎ The analysis result shows that the two main groups are within the scope of the study. The ‎cluster ‎number one consists of Shahriar, Malard and RabatKarim Districts. According to the survey, the ‎cities of this area have a good elevation, slope and climate, ‎but only Baghestan and Ferdosiye have ‎a suitable soil for agricultural activities. Although there are ‎some agricultural activities in some of ‎these cluster cities like Shahriar and Malard. Furthermore, substantial industry activity is in of ‎some cluster cities (like Mallard). So the proper ‎activity for this area is agriculture and