بهره‌گیری از نظریۀ چیدمان فضا در کاهش انزوای اجتماعی-فضایی محله‌های شهری

توزیع نابرابر منابع و موقعیت‌های اجتماعی-اقتصادی در فضاهای شهری، ارتباط بین گروه‌های اجتماعی مختلف را کاهش داده، با تاثیرگذاری بر فرصت مشارکت در زندگی شهری، انزوای اجتماعیفضایی را منجر می‌شود. اگرچه در زمینه تاثیر شکل شهری بر انزوای اجتماعی، پژوهش‌هایی صورت گرفته است، دانش کمی درباره تاثیر پیکربندی فضایی شهر بر ظهور شبکه‌های اجتماعی مختلف وجود دارد که به‌واسطه تاثیرگذاری بر حرکت، بر انزوای اجتماعیفضایی نیز موثرند. این مقاله با تاکید بر امکان حضور افراد در فضاها و مکان‌های عمومی در مراکز محله‌ای دوازده محله از شهر زنجان، به بررسی اهمیت چیدمان فضایی در فرایند تعاملات اجتماعی پرداخته است تا نحوه تاثیر پیکربندی فضایی شهر را بر فرصت مشارکت در زندگی شهری بررسی کند. از سوی دیگر، در پی بررسی جایگاه طراحی شهری در تسهیل دسترسی به منابع و ظهور شبکه‌های اجتماعی به‌منظور کاهش تاثیرات منفی انزواست. نوع پژوهش، کاربردی و روش پژوهش، توصیفیتحلیلی است. اطلاعات به روش میدانی و کتابخانه‌ای گردآوری شده‌اند. تحلیل‌های پیوستگی فضایی به‌وسیله ابزار space syntaxو نرم‌افزار ucl depthmap و تحلیل اجتماعی با نرم‌افزار spssصورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهند که چگونگی روابط فضایی فضاها و مکان‌های عمومی در سطح محلی و فرامحلی و قابلیت دسترسی متاثر از آن، نتایج اجتماعی مهمی درپی دارد. در‌صورتی‌که پیکربندی فضایی شهر، پیوستگی محله‌ها را در مقیاس‌های مختلف تامین کند، توزیع عادلانه منابع و فرصت‌های کار، زندگی و فعالیت، از انزوای اجتماعی-فضایی می‌کاهد و منجر به افزایش همبستگی اجتماعی در سطح محله‌های شهری و شهر می‌شود.

Application of Space Syntax Theory in Reduction of the Socio spatial Segregation of Urban Neighborhoods

IntroductionUnequal distribution of resources and social situations in urban spaces reduces the relations between different social groups. This affects the participation chances in urban life and causes sociospatial segregation. However, some studies have been executed by the role of urban form in social segregation but there is little knowledge about the impact of urban spatial configuration (relations between spaces) on social networks appearance. The presented study emphasizing on potential of copresence in public spaces of twelve neighborhoods of Zanjan City to explore the role of urban design in facilitating access to resources and appearance of social networks in order to decrease the negative impacts of sociospatial segregation. The type of research is an applied one with is descriptiveanalytical method. The analysis of spatial integration has been conducted by Space Syntax Tool and UCL Depthmap to study the influence of urban spatial configuration on resource distribution. The social analysis has been implemented by SPSS. The results show that the quality of public spaces and spatial relations in local and ultralocal levels can affect the accessibility influenced from that. These effects have important social results. If the spatial configuration of city provides neighborhoods integration in different scales, the equal distribution of resources and job opportunities reduces sociospatial segregation and increases social solidarity in city.   MethodologyIn analysis of spatial configuration, the urban zonation is a base for physiospatial analysis. The neighborhoods are selected from each region. They are different in aspects of spatial arrangement, distribution of nonresidential land uses and distance from city center. Neighborhoods not only are studied in relation of their larger context and affected area but also analyzed the aspects like spatial accessibility, distribution of resources and job opportunities.  The emphasis is on aspects that are important for creation of participation chances in life, job and activity in different neighborhoods like the potential of space in creation of social interactions and accessibility to attractive land uses. Local centers and streets can provide possibility of copresence studied in different functional scales (local, ultralocal, city). The analysis of configuration is conducted based on indicators like integration, choice/betweenness and spatial accessibility to determine the relation between urban spatial characteristics and the quality of urban space application. Detailed information about the users of the space has been provided by asking questions through setting up 384 questionnaires. The statistical population is the citizens of Zanjan and the sample was taken from the twelve neighborhoods. Moreover, daily activities have been observed directly in six days in two consecutive weeks at certain times (in the morning and evening). Finally, spatial and social data have been combined with each other through correlation analysis in SPSS.Results and discussionThe combined results from spatial analysis maps and social data from questionnaires and observations show that neighborhoods are socially, economically and culturally different and give various chances and life qualification. The residents of neighborhoods located in region 3, 4 and 6 are limited to use only some parts of the city. They are faced with limitation in sharing public spaces and their daily life activities as separated and limited. Limited exchange between different parts of the city can hurt the mechanism of social interactions. Neighborhoods encounter with notdirected social contacts and the lack of suitable public spaces which enable the copresences to be possible. Moreover, the negative impact of unequal distribution of pervasive