رتبه‌بندی روستاها براساس شاخص‌های زیست‌پذیری (مطالعۀ موردی: دهستان نظام‌آباد شهرستان آزادشهر)

زیست‌پذیری مفهومی است که بر قابلیت سکونت‌پذیری مکان تمرکز دارد. سکونتگاه‌های روستایی از جمله مکان‌هایی هستند که توجه به زیست‌پذیربودن آن‌ها ضروری است؛ زیرا سبب جلوگیری از مهاجرت‌های روستایی، خالی‌شدن روستاها، حفظ روستاها به‌عنوان لکه‌های حیات و نبض اقتصاد ملی و... می‌شوند؛ بنابراین آگاهی از شاخص‌های زیست‌پذیری و درک سطح زیست‌پذیری مکان‌های روستایی می‌تواند برنامه‌ریزان را در دستیابی به اهداف توسعۀ پایدار سوق دهد. پژوهش حاضر کاربردی و توصیفیتحلیلی است که اطلاعات آن به‌صورت کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی جمع‌آوری و برای این منظور از پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. جامعۀ آماری آن نیز 94 خانوار روستایی دهستان نظام‌آباد است. سطح تحلیل این پژوهش «روستا» است. اطلاعات استخراج‌شده از پرسشنامه به‌کمک روش‌های تجزیه و تحلیل آماری در دو نرم‌افزار spss و gis و مدل ویکور بررسی شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد از میان 16 شاخص مورد نظر براساس سطح معناداری آزمون t، تعداد 8 شاخص زیست‌پذیری از نظر نمونه‌های مورد مطالعه معنادار هستند و تفاوت معناداری میان زیست‌پذیری در بین نمونه‌های فوق را بیان می‌کنند. همچنین رتبه‌بندی روستاها براساس مدل ویکور نشان می‌دهد روستاهای قوری‌چای و حاجی‌نبی با توجه به شاخص‌های زیست‌پذیری در منطقۀ مورد مطالعه در پایین‌ترین رتبه و روستاهای اقچلی‌علیا و بهرام‌صوفی در بالاترین رتبه قرار دارند؛ بنابراین در شرایط کنونی، سطح زیست‌پذیری روستاهای بزرگ‌تر که جمعیت بیشتری دارند و به شهر و راه ارتباطی اصلی نزدیک هستند، بالاتر است. براین‌اساس می‌توان گفت دسترسی به خدمات بیشتر که عمدتاً در روستاهای نزدیک به شهرها و روستاها بزرگ‌تر فراهم می‌شود، زیست‌پذیری بالاتری دارد.

Ranking of Rural area based on livability indexes(Case study area: Nezam abad rural district from Azadshahr County)

Ranking of Rural area based on livability indexes(Case study area: Nezam abad rural district from Azadshahr County)AbstractLivability is a composite concept that concentrates on inhabitability of place. Rural settlements are from places that attending to the livability for precaution of population migration, rural vacating and they preserving them as a life spots, is necessary. Also, creating the livable settlement with standard infrastructures is one of the important indexes for achieving to sustainable development purposes, and rural wellbeing. Therefore, this study with having geographical approach had been survey the rural livability and assessing level of livability through of index selection and assessment. This study’s methodology is descriptive analyzing and data gathering had been applied by questionnaire from 94 rural families in Nezam Abad rural district. Level of analysis in this study "village" and Information extracted from the questionnaire is studied using statistical analysis methods in both SPSS and GIS and VIKOR. Gained result show that 8 index of all examined indexes had a meaningful relation with rural livability of case study area. Also, rural ranking by VIKOR technique as a multi criteria decision making techniques, show that Ghourichai and Haji Nabi rural point had a low level and Aghchi Olia and Bahram soufi had a high level of livability among all of rural. Also, rural ranking by VIKOR technique as a multi criteria decision making techniques, show that Ghourichai IntroductionAll around the world Rural settlement are faced to many difficulties and problems (such as unemployment, migration, poverty and …) (Mohammadi yeganeh; 2014) because of existent leakage in services and facilities in their life All around the world Rural settlement are faced to many difficulties and problems (such as unemployment, migration, poverty and …) (Mohammadi yeganeh; 2014) because of existent leakage in services and facilities in their life (Cranwell & et al., 2005:1) that this situation decreased the general inhabitability of rural settlement especially in developing countries. Therefore, recognizing and understanding the rural people’s needs and making livable these spaces could improve the quality of life in rural area and provide the appropriate condition for achieving to general goals of sustainable development. Getting to this purpose is needed to promoting the level of livability and inhabitability of rural environments as a main place of rural living and employment. Because nowadays, in most cases and for so many reasons as like leakage of private facilities of living, rural environments haven’t enough standards for life that its consequent could increase spatial un sustainability for inhabitants. This condition observed in rural areas that are farther from urban environments. Then in order to planning and managing the rural area for getting to livable and inhabitable spaces as a living and employing place, it is needed to identifying the effective indicators and also ranking the rural point based on these indicators for recognizing the spatial livability differences among rural points.In this regard, the purpose of this paper is studying the concept of rural livability in academic literature and codifying the rural livability indicators by considering to sustainability dimensions and by using of multiple criteria attention and also ranking the rural point bay using of multi criteria decision making techniques in Nezam abad Dehestan of Azadshahr Township. For this regard, this study had been tried to answering to this man question that how is the level of rural point livability in case study area based on determined criteria and by using of VICORE technique?Materials and methodsThis practical study had been done by analysis – explanatory methodology that the main goal of it is ranking the rural point based on livability criteria. In this study, for gathering the needed information had been used of documentary and field study observation and also through questionnaire completing. Also, regarding to case study rural point, finally 4 dimensions and 16 criteria had been selected as a livability indicator among so many of indicators that are mentioned in theorical literature. Validity and reliability of indicators had been tested on 34 questionnaires Through of Cronbach’s alpha formula that proved at range of 0.62 to 0.81. Statistical community of this study contains 17 villages that had been chosen from 22 recorded rural points at 2011. Sample community had been counted by using of Cochran formula among 3874 households that finally 94 households had been selected for data gathering. So many statistical tests as like as compare mean Ttest, and also one of the MCDM techniques, VICORE, had been used for analyzing the data. Results and discussion Gained result of TTest statistical examination show that 8 criteria of livability indicators were meaningful from respondent attitude in case study area and this indicate that there are meaningful differences among means of livability indicators in rural point of case study area. Thus, we obtained significant differences in the level of 0.05 alpha shows that from 16 indicators to measure viability, only 8 criteria were meaningful at alpha less than 0.05 and was accepted as a livable area. Also, ranking the rural point based on MCDM techniques, show that Ghurchay and Hajinabi was in lowest level of livability and Aghchi Olia and Bahram Sufi was in upper level of livability based on these indicators.ConclusionResult of field study and real observation are in harmony to the result of data analyzing in case study area. Therefore, it is possible using of these criteria as a proved pattern in another rural area for measuring the level of livability. Also, these criteria could be helping the rural development planners for revision of policies and plans result and presenting the new plans for improving the rural spaces conditions. In local level too, planners and managers must be concentrated on promoting the livability criteria in rural point and improving the rural spaces for inhabitants. So, in allocating the development credits and loans, they must focus on improving the rural livability especially in less livable villages.Keywords: livability, quality of life, rural area, VICORE, Rating.