حضور اقتصادی چین در آفریقا و زمینه های بروز رقابت با آمریکا

ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎن ﭼﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺷﺮاف ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽﺷﺪن، اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاری ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻘﺎی ﻗﺪرت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﻮر ﻗﺪرت ﻣﻠﯽ ﻗﺮار داده ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎره آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداری از ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن: وﺟﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﻨﯽ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻧﺮژی، ﺑﺎزار ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد و دوﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻧﻔﺮی و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮان دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ آﻧﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ- اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی اﻓﺮاطﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ و وﺟﻮدِ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪاﺗﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن دزدی درﯾﺎﯾﯽ، ﻗﺎﭼﺎق اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺑﺤﺮانﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺎت ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺎﻧﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮاتِ ﻣﺨﺮب ﺑﯿﻤﺎری اچآیوی/ اﯾﺪز ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺟﺪﯾﺪی را در ﻗﺒﺎل اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎره اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﭼﯿﻦ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﺑﺮوز رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: ﺣﻀﻮر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﭼﯿﻦ در ﻗﺎرة آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮی ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ، اﻫﺪاف و زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎره داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ از: ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺣﻀﻮر ﭼﯿﻦ در آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ در ﻗﺮن ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎی ﻏﯿﺮﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻫﺮ دو ﻃﺮف در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎره،ﺳﺒﺐ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮی و ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ دو ﺳﻮﯾﻪ اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ و ﭼﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎی ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺎره ﺷﺪه و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ واﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ و ﭘﮑﻦ را در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻫﻤﮑﺎری و ﭘﺮﻫﯿﺰ از رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺨﺮب ﺳﻮق داده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه وﮔﺮدآوری دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای اﺳﻨﺎدی ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

China’s economic presence in Africa and the areas of competition with the United States

Africa with many abundant political and economic capacities, has succeeded to attract the attentions of Chinese elites who placed their policy priorities on promotion of economic power as the centerpiece of their national power.The political, security and economic importance of Africa especially the concern for development of extremist violent activities and existence of threats including: Piracy, Human trafficking,.. provided the ground for the US to adopt a new strategy towards the continent. The purpose of this article is to examine the activities of China and areas of competition with the US in Africa.The main question: How has China’s economic presence on the continent of Africa influenced the interests, goals and areas of American activities in the continent? and the research hypothesis is: China’s expansion in Africa during the new century, along with the priority of nonmilitary strategies on both sides on the continent, have caused the US and China’s twoway vulnerability and susceptibility toward each other policies in Africa which drives Washington and Beijing towards cooperation and avoidance of any destructive competition. This research was conducted using a descriptiveanalytical method.