تاثیر فرهنگ‌ سازمانی بر کیفیت گزارشگری مالی: رویکرد تجزیه‌وتحلیل متنی

مطالعات پیشین درباره تاثیر فرهنگ سازمانی بر رفتارهای مالی و شفافیت گزارشگری شرکت‌ها، عمدتاً بر رویکردهای ادراکی یا کیفی متمرکز بوده‌اند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف پرکردن این خلا، تاثیر ابعاد مختلف فرهنگ ‌سازمانی بر کیفیت گزارشگری مالی شرکت‌های پذیرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران را بررسی می‌کند. با بهره‌گیری از تحلیل متن گزارش‌های هیئت‌مدیره و چارچوب ارزش‌های رقابتی، شاخص‌های چهارگانۀ فرهنگ سازمانی (همکاری‌گرا، رقابت‌گرا، کنترل‌گرا و خلاقیت‌گرا) به ‌صورت کمی استخراج شد. داده‌های مربوط به 129 شرکت طی سال‌های 1397 تا 1402 گردآوری و شاخص‌های کیفیت گزارشگری مالی از جمله مدیریت سود و احتمال تقلب سنجیده شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد فرهنگ همکاری‌گرا به طرزی معنادار با کاهش مدیریت سود و بهبود کیفیت گزارشگری مالی همراه است، در حالی‌ که فرهنگ رقابت‌گرا ریسک تقلب را افزایش می‌دهد. نوآوری این پژوهش در کاربرد تحلیل متن به‌ عنوان رویکردی عینی برای سنجش فرهنگ سازمانی است که می‌تواند الهام‌بخش بررسی‌های آینده و تصمیم‌گیری‌های سیاستی برای ارتقای شفافیت مالی باشد.

the impact of corporate culture on financial reporting quality: a textual analysis approach

previous studies on the effect of corporate culture on companies' financial behavior and reporting transparency have primarily focused on perceptual or qualitative approaches. this study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of different dimensions of corporate culture on the financial reporting quality (frq) of firms listed on the tehran stock exchange. utilizing textual analysis of board of directors' reports and the competing values framework, the four cultural dimensions— collaboration, competitive, control, and creative—were quantitatively measured. data from 129 firms over the period 2019–2024 were analyzed, and financial reporting quality was assessed through accrual-based earnings management and fraud risk indicators. the findings reveal that a collaboration culture is significantly associated with reduced earnings management and enhanced financial reporting quality, while a competitive culture increases the risk of fraud. the novelty of this research lies in its application of textual analysis as an objective tool for measuring corporate culture, offering both practical and theoretical implications for advancing transparency and informing future research in emerging markets. introductioncorporate culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, norms, and practices that shape the behaviors and decision-making processes within an organization. it is often regarded as the personality of an organization and plays a pivotal role in shaping organizational behavior, performance, and governance. while the importance of corporate culture in shaping organizational outcomes is widely recognized, its impact on financial reporting quality (frq) remains an underexplored area of research. existing studies have primarily focused on the perceptual and qualitative aspects of corporate culture, often relying on self-reported data from surveys and interviews. these approaches, while valuable, fail to provide an objective, measurable link between corporate culture and financial reporting practices. the present study seeks to address this gap by exploring the impact of different cultural dimensions on financial reporting quality in firms listed on the tehran stock exchange. using the competing values framework (cvf), the study examines how collaboration, competitive, control-oriented, and creative cultural dimensions affect financial reporting practices, particularly earnings management and fraud risk. the research is motivated by the need to provide a more concrete and quantifiable understanding of how corporate culture influences financial reporting in an emerging market context. this study's findings are expected to contribute to the broader field of corporate governance by offering new insights into the role of corporate culture in enhancing financial transparency and reducing unethical reporting practices. methodologythis research adopts a quantitative research design and focuses on a sample of 129 firms listed on the tehran stock exchange, covering the period from 2019 to 2024. the study uses systematic sampling to exclude financial institutions and companies with irregular fiscal years. data for this research were collected from the annual reports and board of directors' reports of the selected firms. textual analysis is employed to assess the prevalence of four cultural dimensions— collaboration, competitiveness, control, and creativity—within the reports. this is done by quantifying the frequency of words and phrases associated with each cultural dimension based on a predefined vocabulary set from the competing values framework. financial reporting quality is measured using two main proxies: earnings management (via accruals) and fraud risk (via the f-score model). to analyze the data, generalized least squares regression is applied to account for potential issues such as heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. the regression models control for variables such as firm size, leverage, and cash flow volatility, which may influence financial reporting practices. the study employs established accounting models to measure earnings management and fraud risk, ensuring the robustness of the findings. findingsthe results reveal significant variation in both corporate culture and financial reporting quality across the firms in the sample. a collaborative corporate culture was found to be significantly negatively associated with earnings management, indicating that firms with a stronger emphasis on collaboration tend to report more transparently and with fewer adjustments to earnings. this suggests that a culture of cooperation, which encourages trust and teamwork, may act as a natural deterrent to earnings manipulation. on the other hand, a competitive culture was found to be positively correlated with increased fraud risk. firms that foster a highly competitive environment seem to be more likely to engage in fraudulent financial reporting practices, likely due to the pressure to outperform competitors and meet aggressive financial targets. this finding underscores the potential ethical risks associated with competitive organizational cultures, particularly in environments where financial performance is heavily scrutinized. interestingly, the cultural dimensions of control and creativity did not show statistically significant effects on financial reporting quality. control-oriented cultures, which emphasize stability and adherence to established procedures, did not exhibit a strong relationship with financial reporting quality. similarly, creative cultures, which prioritize innovation and flexibility, did not significantly impact the quality of financial reports, suggesting that these dimensions may be less influential in the context of financial reporting than collaboration and competition. these findings emphasize the complexity of the relationship between corporate culture and financial reporting quality. while a collaborative culture appears to foster transparency and reduce financial manipulation, competitive pressures can increase the likelihood of fraud. the lack of significant effects from control and creative cultures suggests that the impact of culture on financial reporting may depend on contextual factors, such as industry characteristics and organizational structure. conclusionthis study provides empirical evidence that corporate culture plays a crucial role in determining the quality of financial reporting. specifically, a collaboration culture is linked to better financial reporting quality by reducing earnings management, while a competitive culture increases the risk of fraudulent reporting. these findings suggest that organizational leaders should pay close attention to the cultural environment within their firms, as it can have significant implications for financial transparency and ethical behavior. the lack of significant effects from control and creative cultures implies that the relationship between corporate culture and financial reporting quality is not universally applicable across all cultural dimensions. rather, it may depend on specific organizational contexts and external pressures. the use of textual analysis in this study represents a novel approach for measuring corporate culture, offering a more objective and replicable method compared to traditional survey-based approaches. the findings have important implications for both corporate governance and regulatory policy. policymakers and regulators in emerging markets, where corporate governance structures may be less mature, can use these insights to promote more transparent financial reporting practices. companies may also benefit from fostering a collaboration culture to enhance trust and reduce the risk of unethical financial reporting.