ارزیابی و کمی‌سازی خلاء عملکرد برنج با بهره گیری از روش آنالیز خط مرزی در قائمشهر

اﻫﺪاف: ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﺋﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻧﯿﺎز روز اﻓﺰون ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﺋﯽ، ﯾﮏ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻠﯿﺪیﺗﺮﯾﻦ راه ﺣﻞ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزی در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺣﺬف ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻠﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮآورد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ و ﺧﻠﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﮐﻨﻨﺪهی ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﻬﺮهوری ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﻤﯽﺳﺎزی ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺑﺮآورد ﺧﻠﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﺷﺎﻟﯿﺰارﻫﺎی ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺸﻬﺮ، از دادهﻫﺎی ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪه 164 ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺷﺎﻟﯿﺰار )ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و ﭘﺮﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی 1398 و 1399 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ، ﺧﺎﮐﯽ و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، در ﻃﻮل دورهی رﺷﺪ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﺰرﻋﻪای ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪی رو در رو ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮزی ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪی ﺧﻠﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪی ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﺧﻠﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ درﺟﻪی دوم ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﺎزم از ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ، ﺑﺮای ﺣﺼﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺎﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد واﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 9229 و 5160 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺧﻠﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد 4069 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﻌﺎدل 43/8 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﺸﺎء در ﻫﺮ ﮐﭙﻪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻮد ﺳﻮﭘﺮﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﺗﺮﯾﭙﻞ، ﻃﻮل دورهی رﺷﺪ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام ﺑﺎ 48/8 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ و ﺧﻠﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻌﺎدل 4920 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ را در اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﻠﺎء ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺎ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰﺧﻂ ﻣﺮزی ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪی ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺎﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. .ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی ذﯾﻞ را ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداران ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و رﻓﻊ ﺧﻠﺎء ارائه نمود : 1 مناسبت ترین زمان آماده سازی خزانه، 5 فروردین ماه 2 انجام نشا کاری با تعداد 7 گیاهچه ی در هر کپه 3 ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد اوره ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 306 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، 4 ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد اوره ﻃﯽ 3 ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ، 5 ﻣﺼﺮف 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺳﻮﭘﺮ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﺗﺮﯾﭙﻞ، 6 ﻣﺼﺮف 150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، 7 ﻣﺼﺮف 67 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻠﺮور ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، 8 ﻣﺼﺮف 2 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﯿﮑﺮو، 9 ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 33/3 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روی، 10 ﻣﺼﺮف آﻓﺖﮐﺶ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ 3 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، 11 ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺷﺮوع آﺑﯿﺎری ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ 26 ﺧﺮداد ﻣﺎه، 12 ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﻮل دورهی رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه 105 روز و 13 ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ 6 ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺎه.

evaluation and quantification of rice yield gap using border line analysis method in ghaemshahr

background and objectives: ensuring the food security of the society and the increasing human need for food is a global challenge. the most key solution is to increase the yield of agricultural products per unit area by eliminating or reducing the yield gap. therefore, this research has estimated the performance potential and the performance gap and identified the limiting factors of production with the aim of increasing productivity. materials & methods: in order to quantify the production and estimate the rice yield gap in ghaemshahr region, the data collected from 164 paddy fields (local and high yielding cultivars) of this city during 2019 and 2020 were used. information on important managerial, soil and plant factors were recorded during the growing season through continuous field visits and face-to-face interviews with farmers. in this study, using the boundary line analysis method, the yield gap, potential performance and optimal values of yield gap parameters were calculated and the best managements were determined simultaneously. results: in the present study, the quadratic function was able to describe the trend of performance changes in relation to different traits. the required optimal minimum values of each factor were determined to achieve the highest performance. the average optimal yield (achievable) and the average actual yield were 9229 and 5160 kg.ha-1, respectively, and the yield gap was 4069 kg.ha-1, equivalent to 43.8% of the potential yield. also, the number of seedlings in each pile, the amount of triple superphosphate fertilizer, the length of the growth period, and the harvest date, each of them with 48.8% of the potential yield and the yield gap equal to 4920 kg.ha-1, had the biggest contribution in creating the gap. conclusion: by analyzing the boundary line, the optimal values of the studied parameters were identified to achieve the highest performance. based on this, the following practical recommendations can be given to the operators of the region to increase the yield and eliminate the vacuum: 1) the most suitable time for preparing the treasury, 5th of april, 2) carrying out transplanting with the number of 7 seedlings per hill, 3) 306 kg.ha-1 of urea fertilizer consumption, 4) urea fertilizer application in 3 installments, 5) 100 kg.ha-1 triple super phosphate consumption, 6) 150 kg.ha-1 potassium sulfate consumption, 7) 67 kg.ha-1 potassium chloride consumption, 8) consumption of 2 liters per hectare of micro liquid fertilizer, 9) application of 3.33 kg.ha-1 of zinc sulfate, 10) consumption of 3 liters of liquid pesticide per hectare, 11) the most suitable date for starting periodic irrigation is june 26, 12) the most suitable length of the irrigation period of the growth of the plant is 105 days and 13) the most suitable harvest date is august 6.