ارزیابی کارایی برخی باکتری های ریزوسفری گیاهان شورپسند در تعدیل تنش شوری گیاه کینوا (chenopodium quinoa willd)

اﻫﺪاف : ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزی ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زراﻋﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر در راﺳﺘﺎی ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﻬﺮه وری از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب و ﺧﺎک ﺷﻮر، ﺿﺮوری ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐﯿﻨﻮا .chenopodium quinoa willd از ﺗﯿﺮه chenopodiaceae ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﯿﺎری ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ارزش ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺎی ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺧﺎک رﯾﺰوﺳﻔﺮی ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻏﻨﯽ از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮیﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﺮک رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺎﯾﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮیﻫﺎی رﯾﺰوﺳﻔﺮی ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: آزﻣﻮن ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻠﺎً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار، در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺧﺎک داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺬور ﮐﯿﻨﻮا رﻗﻢ titicaca ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮیﻫﺎی اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه pseudomonas sp. ot13- 22 b2, stenotrophomonas rhizofila ot29 -3 b3, bacillus velezensis ot30-5 b4,peribacillus simplex q52-4 b5, bacillus hynessi q41-1 b6, از ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺧﺎک داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮی b1 مایه زنی شدند و در ادامه چهار سطح شوری 0/2 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ s3 15 ، s2 7/5 ، s1 و 25 s4دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲﺑﺮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤﮏ nacl در ﮔﻠﺪانﻫﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ دوره رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه رﺳﯿﺪن داﻧﻪ ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ spad ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺬب ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﻓﺴﻔﺮ در رﯾﺸﻪ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻮری، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻪاﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎی ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺬب ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﻪاﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎی ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. در ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻮری، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮیﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار p<0/01 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺗﺎ 10/5 درﺻﺪ ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺗﺎ 15/43 درﺻﺪ ، وزن ﺗﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺗﺎ 20/27 درﺻﺪ ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﺎ 10/27 و 11/36 درﺻﺪ ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺗﺎ 10/41 درﺻﺪ ، ﮐﻞ زﯾﺘﻮده ﺧﺸﮏ ﺗﺎ 12 درﺻﺪ ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺗﺎ 11/07 درﺻﺪ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺬب ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﺎ 22/11 ،36/31، 10/52 درﺻﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮی ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮیﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﺮک رﺷﺪ b6 , b5 ,b3 ,b2 در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺳﻄﻮح s3 و s4 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮی ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮی b3 ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﯿﺎری ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ رﺷﺪ در ﺷﻮری 156/25 دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ، ﻣﻮﻟﺪ iaa و acc دآﻣﯿﻨﺎز، ﺣﻞﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺴﻔﺎت و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﻢﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ارﺗﻘﺎی ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻟﺬا رﯾﺰوﺳﻔﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ ﺷﻮرﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزی ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮیﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﻮری ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

the efficiency of some rhizospheric bacteria of halophyte plants in modulating the salinity stress of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.)

background & objective: it is necessary to optimize the cultivation of plants adapted to the agricultural conditions of the country in order to ensure food security and increase the productivity of water resources and saline soils. meanwhile, quinoa chenopodium quinoa willd. from the chenopodiaceae family as an optional halophyte plant has received more attention in recent years due to its nutritional value and high production potential in harsh environmental conditions. on the other hand, the rhizospheric soil of halophyte plants can be a rich source of plant growth promoting bacteria. therefore, this research was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the effects of inoculation of some rhizosphere bacteria of halophyte plants on the growth of quinoa plant under salt stress. materials & methods: the greenhouse test was carried out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in three replications. bacteria used in this research was prepared from microbial bank of the department of soil science, university of tabriz. first, quinoa seeds titicaca cultivar with selected bacteria control or without bacterial inoculation b1 , pseudomonas sp. ot13-22 b2 , stenotrophomonas rhizofila ot29-3 b3 , bacillus velezensis ot30-5 b4 , peribacillus simplex q52-4 b5 and bacillus hynessi q41-1 b6 were inoculated and then four salinity levels of 0, 7.5, 15 and 25 ds/m using nacl were applied in the pots. after completing the plant growth period seed ripening , growth and yield indicators such as chlorophyll index spad , plant height, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, biological yield, total dry weight and seed yield, sodium, potassium and phosphorus uptake in roots and shoots were measured.results: based on the results, growth indices except chlorophyll index and potassium and phosphorus uptake except sodium of quinoa plant decreased with increasing salinity levels. under salinity levels, the use of bacteria led to a significant increase p<0.01 in chlorophyll up to 10.5% , plant height up to 15.43% , root fresh weight up to 20.27% , and fresh and dry weight of shoot up to 10.27 and 11.36 %, respectively , biological yield up to 10.41 % , total dry weight up to 12 % , grain yield up to 11.07 % and sodium, potassium, phosphorus of shoot was up to 36.31, 22.11, and 10.52 % respectively compared to the control treatment. conclusion: in this experiment, plant growth promoting bacteria b2, b3, b5 and b6 led to a significant improvement in plant growth and yield indicators under salt stress, especially in s3 and s4 levels compared to the treatment without bacteria. among the treatments, the efficiency of b3 bacterium with maximum growth at a salinity of 156.25 ds/m, iaa and acc deaminase producer, and with the ability of phosphate and potassium solubilizing from poorly soluble sources was higher in improving the growth and yield indices of quinoa. therefore, the rhizosphere of halophyte plants can be a suitable source for the isolation of bacteria tolerant to salinity stress in order to mitigate the salinity stress of quinoa.