شناسایی و دسته بندی عوامل موثر بر میزان مصرف سموم توسط کشاورزان با لحاظ پایداری کشاورزی(مطالعه موردی: شهرستان مشکین شهر)

ﻫﺪف: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻤﻮم ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﮑﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری ﮐﺸﺎورزی اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﯽ از ادﺑﯿﺎت داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آن، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺑﺰار اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﮑﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎری ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺪول ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن، 375 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﺎورزان در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 2020-2021 ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮای رواﯾﯽ از آزﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎی رواﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزه، رواﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﮕﺮا، رواﯾﯽ واﮔﺮا ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻤﻮم از روش ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ.ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪی ﺑﺮای رواﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزه ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﺎﺗﺮ از 0/5 داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻤﻮم ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ درآﻣﺪ، ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﺎت، ﺳﻦ .. ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ 0/099 ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻤﻮم ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺸﺎورزان در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری دارﻧﺪ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ 0/106 در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار و ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ دارد. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ - ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ0/97 در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ در ﺻﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ0/95 ، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ 0/98، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ 0/129 و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺮوﯾﺠﯽ-آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ0/98 ، در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ، ﻫﻤﮕﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری دارﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در اﺑﻌﺎد ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﯽ، آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﺗﺮوﯾﺠﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻤﻮم ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

identification and classification of factors affecting the use of pesticides by farmers in terms of agricultural sustainability (case study: meshkinshahr)

objective: the aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the use of pesticides by farmers in meshkinshahr in terms of agricultural sustainability.materials and methods: first, a complete and comprehensive review of domestic and foreign literature was conducted and based on it, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed as the main research tool. the statistical population of the study is farmers of meshkinshahr township and sampling has been done by simple random method. the number of statistical samples using morghan table was 375 which was distributed among farmers in the crop year 2021-2020. also, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire designed based on cronbach's alpha and factor loading test were evaluated from confirmatory factor analysis test. the method was used to investigate the relationships between indicators affecting the use of toxins with structural equations.findings: the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the items had a factor load greater than 0.5. also, in examining the effect of different indicators on the amount of pesticide consumption by farmers, the results show that effective indicators include; personality traits that include income, education, age and other variables that have a likert spectrum on the latent variable of farmers' personality traits and in examining the effect of different indicators show that the results show that personality traits with an impact factor of 0.099 on pesticide use by farmers has a significant effect at the level of one percent. the variable of economic factors with a coefficient of impact of 0.106 at the level of one percent, has a significant and positive effect. the variable of socio-cultural factors also has a positive and significant effect with an impact factor of 0.97 at the level of one percent. also, the variable of policy factors with an impact factor of 0.95, the variable of environmental factors with an impact factor of 0.98, the variable of organizational factors with an impact factor of 0.129 and the variable of promotional-educational factors with an impact factor of 0.98, at the level of one percent. they are positive and meaningful.conclusion: therefore, the results show that the studied indicators in the dimensions of personality, economic, socio-cultural, political, educational and promotional, environmental and organizational are effective on the consumption of pesticides by farmers.