اثرات محلول پاشی عناصر غذایی بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس مریم‌گلی (salvia officinalis l) در سطوح مختلف آبیاری

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و ﻟﺰوم ﮐﺸﺖ و ﭘﺮورش اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻮﯾﮋه در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺧﺸﮏ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ، ﮐﻤﯿﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﯾﻢﮔﻠﯽ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎری اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖﭘﻠﺎت ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮکﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 12 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1400 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ، ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎری در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ، آﺑﯿﺎری ﭘﺲ از 20 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺠﺎز رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، آﺑﯿﺎری ﭘﺲ از 40 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺠﺎز رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ و آﺑﯿﺎری ﭘﺲ از 60 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺠﺎز رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮدی ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺪم ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮدﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﻣﯿﮑﺲﮔﻠﺪ، اﮐﻮﮐﻮﺋﻞ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﯿﮑﺲ و وﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﻢ ﻓﻮرت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ 255/4 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ 109/5 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﻣﯿﮑﺲ ﮔﻠﺪ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ از ﻣﯿﺰان وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ در ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎی ﺧﻔﯿﻒ و ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 10/1 و 27/8 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺻﻔﺖ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮدﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﻣﯿﮑﺲ ﮔﻠﺪ، وﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﻢ ﻓﻮرت و اﮐﻮﮐﻮﺋﻞ ﻣﮑﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 24/7 ،25/1 و 16/4 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻋﻠﺎوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ 1/47 و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﺳﺎﻧﺲ 3/19 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﯾﻢﮔﻠﯽ در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﻣﯿﮑﺲ ﮔﻠﺪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮ اساس آنالیز ترکیبات اسانس ، بیشترین میزان سیس توجن 40/50 درصد ، کامفور 17/08درصد، و سینئول 9/98 درصد، در تنش خفیف با کاربرد کود ماکرومیکس گلد بدست آمد . ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﮐﻮد ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﻣﯿﮑﺲ ﮔﻠﺪ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ راﻫﮑﺎر ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﯾﻢﮔﻠﯽ در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﻤﻮد.

the effects of nutrient foliar application on the quantity and quality of sage (salvia officinalis l.) essential oil in different irrigation levels

objectives: due to the increasing demand for medicinal plants and the need to cultivate these plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, this study was conducted to evaluate the foliar application of different fertilizer sources on the dry matter yield, quantity and quality of sage essential oil in different levels of irrigation.material & methods: a field experiment was carried out as split plot based on the randomized complete blocks design rcbd with 12 treatments and three replications at the faculty of agriculture, university of maragheh during 2021 growing season. the main factor was three irrigation levels included irrigation after 20% maximum allowable depletion i20 as control, 40% maximum allowable depletion i50 as moderate stress and 60% maximum allowable depletion i80 as severe stress. the sub-factor was foliar application of macro mix gold, ecoquel micromix, vitalem forte and non-application of fertilizer control .results: the results demonstrated that the highest 255.4 g.m-2 and lowest dry matter yield of sage 190.5 g.m-2 was achieved in normal irrigation condition with application of macro mix gold and sever water stress without fertilization. the dry matter yield decreased by 10.1 and 27.8% in moderate and severe drought stress conditions. also, application of macro mix gold, ecoquel micromix and vitalem forte enhanced the mentioned trait by 25.1, 24.7 and 16.4% in comparison with no fertilization control , respectively. the highest essential oil content 1.47% and yield 3.19 g.m-2 was observerd in moderate water stress fertilized with macro mix gold. in addition, the maximum content of cis-thujone 40.50% , camphor 17.08% and 1,8-cineole 9.98% was achieved in moderate water stress fertilized with macro mix gold.conclusion: based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the foliar application of macro mix gold could be recommended for improving essential quantity and quality of sage in drought stress conditions.