«تاکید مجاز» و پیوند آن با «ابهام متن»

مشهورترین پدیده های زبانی در زبان شناسی عربی است. یکی از شرایط به کارگرفتن مجاز همراه ساختن آن با » مجاز « است. وظیفة قرینه جلوگیری از برداشت معنی حقیقی از واژه ای است که به صورت مجازی به کار رفته است. » قرینه « نیز یکی دیگر از ابزار های مهم در زبان عربی است که بر خلاف قرینه غالباً برای جلوگیری از احتمال برداشت معنی » تاکید « مجازی استفاده می شود؛ بنابراین، منطقی به نظر نمی رسد که واژه ای مجازی بتواند مورد تاکید قرار بگیرد. با این حال، برخی را جایز شمرده و نمونه هایی نیز برای آن ذکر کرده اند. در این مقاله برآنیم تا با روشی » تاکید مجاز « از زبان شناسان مسلمان وصفی تحلیلی، درستی دیدگاه ایشان را بررسی کرده تاثیر آن را بر شکل گیری فهم مخاطب توضیح دهیم. بر اساس داده های این پژوهش، تاکید مجاز بر خلاف ظاهر غیرمنطقی اش می تواند پدیده ای پذیرفته در سنت زبانی عربی باشد.

The Emphasizing Metonymy and Its Relation Whit Ambiguity of Text

AbstractSheikh Sa'd odDin Ahmad َ Ansari, the son of Mawlana Abd olGhaffar Ibn Abd olKarim, is a mystic of the 12th and 13th centuries AH. Sa'd odDin was born in Kabul in the village called Yahya Yahyaee in 1140 AH and died in the same place in 1225 AH (Ansari, 1374: 6). In his youth, he learned canonical law and theology from his father but was soon attracted to mysticism (Heravi, 1373, 43). After performing Hajj in between the years 1169113 AH and getting permission to guide people from Naqshbandiyeh and Qaderiyeh mystic Sheikh Mohammad Saman Madani, he returned home and guided people untill the end of his life (Ansari, 1390: 3). Sheikh Sa'd odDin was well learned in Islamic studies, Arabic language, rhetoric and sciences of his time. He was also familiar with the works of poets such as 'Attar, Rumi, Hafez, Ibn Arabi and other great names of mysticism. He was attached to Rumi and Hafez and has quoted them frequently in his works.Sheikh Sa'd odDin wrote thirty six books and treatises including seven Divans and two Masnavis in Persian; He also wrote a book entitled The Mine of Unity and treatises  such as "Greetings Noble Tatar", "Habl olMatin" and "The Elite" in Arabic. He composed some poems in Arabic as well.At least from 1174 AH Sheikh Sa'd odDin started to bring changes to the ancient Persian poetry; thus his deconstruction made poetical form much similar to contemporary Persian poetry. However, due to political and cultural distance between Iran and Afghanistan, we did not have a chance to get familiar with his innovations.His innovations consist of the following:1.      Refrained Masnavi (masnavi tarjee'band): He changed masnavi in a way that we can call it refrained masnavi, a sample of which is included in the paper. It consists of fifteen stanzas: The first stanza with eight lines, the second stanza fifty four lines, the twelfth stanza eleven lines and the other stanzas having equal lines. The line between the first and the second stanza is different from other lines and each stanza is separated with two lines of masnavi.  In addition, each stanza is artistically connected to the other.2.      Quatrain refrained masnavi (masnavi dobeiti tarjee'band): It has nine stanzas each separated with a quatrain.3.      Refrained tailrhymed (mosammat mostazad trajee'band): Another one of his innovations is in refrained tailrhymed poem. It has nine stanzas each rhyming but unrhymed with other stanzas. In each hemistich in between stanzas repeated four times. Other forms consist of tailrhymed parallel refrain, and multiple parallel refrain discussed in detail in the paper.References1.      Ansari, Mohammad Jamal odDin (1362). 'Ein olIman.  Feiz Ahmad Decoy and Mirgirim (ed.), Kabul.2.      (1370). 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