مقایسه واژه‌های مشتق و مرکب زبان فارسی به لحاظ نوع فرآیند واجی

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی فرآیندهای رایج در دو نوع واژه های مشتق و مرکب است. بدین منظور، با مراجعه به یک فرهنگ 40,000 واژه ای (مشیری، 1388) داده های مورد نیاز برای این پژوهش، جمع آوری و پس از تفکیک حدود 4034 واژه مشتق و 1464 واژه مرکب، فرآیندهای واجی رایج، در این دو گروه بررسی شده است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از نرم افزار excel و به کمک رایانه، درصد و بسامد وقوع این فرآیندها محاسبه گردیده است. برخی دستاوردهای این پژوهش عبارتند از: 1 معمول­ترین فرآیندهای واجی در واژه های مشتق، درج همخوان است. 2 معمول‌ترین فرآیندهای واجی در واژه های مرکب، حذف همخوان است. 3 در واژه های مشتق، حذف همخوان در جهت کاهش وزن هجا و حذف واکه در جهت افزایش وزن هجا عمل می‌نماید. 4 درج واکه در هر دو گروه مشتق و مرکب قابل مشاهده است.

Phonological Processes in Complex and Compound Words

AbstractThis research at making a comparison between phonological processes in complex and compound Persian words. Data are gathered from a 40,000word Persian dictionary. To catch some results, 4,034 complex words and 1,464 compound ones are chosen. To count the data, excel software is used. Some results of the research are: 1 Insertion is the usual phonological process in complex words. More than half of different insertions belongs to the consonant /g/. Then /y/ and // are in the second and the third order. The consonant /v/ has the least percentage of all. The most percentage of vowel insertion belongs to /e/. The vowels /a/ and /o/ are in the second and third order. Deletion in complex words can only be seen in consonant /t/ and vowel /e/. 2 The most frequent phonological processes in compounds is consonant deletion. In this process, seven different consonants including /t/, //, /m/, /r/, / ǰ/, /d, and /c/. The only deleted vowel is /e/. In both groups of complex and compound, /t/ deletion can be observed. A sequence of three consonants paves the way for the deletion of one of the consonants, if one of the sequences is a sonorant one like /n/, the deletion process rarely happens. 3 In complex words, consonant deletion causes a lighter syllable weight, whereas vowel deletion causes a heavier syllable weight. So, both of the processes lead to bimoraic weight. 4 The production of bimoraic syllable in Persian is preferable to Syllable Contact Law. So, Specific Rules have precedence to Universals. 5 Vowel insertion can be seen in both groups of complex and compound words. In complex words, /e/ insertion has the most fundamental part. The vowels /a/ and /o/ are in the second and third place. Whenever there are two sequences of ultraheavy syllables. By vowel insertion, the first syllable is broken into two light syllables. The compounds that are influenced by vowel insertion, can be and are pronounced without any insertion processes. Therefore, the vowel insertion in compounds is optional. Long vowels are not inserted in complex or compound words