معانی مختلف «طنز» در ادب فارسی معاصر و ارتباط مصداقی آنها

واژه‌ «طنز» در ادبیات فارسی معانی مختلفی را القا می‌کند. معنای اولیه‌ این واژه در فارسی، تمسخر یا معنایی نزدیک به آن است. طنز در دوره‌ معاصر «اصطلاحی ادبی» است که تعریفی متفاوت با شوخی دارد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی معانی طنز در منابع تخصصی، فرهنگ‌ها و کتاب‌های مرتبط در ادبیات معاصر برای یافتن تعریفی دقیق یا نزدیک به مفهوم آن است. پرسش پژوهش آن است که «در برابر اصطلاح طنز چه معنا یا معانی‌ای منظور شده است؟ آیا می‌توان تعریف روشن و یگانه‌ای برای طنز در ادب فارسی معاصر در نظر گرفت و چه متنی مصداق طنز است؟». یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد معانی مختلفی که «طنز» پیدا کرده است، ارتباط و هم‌پوشانی مصداقی با هم دارند و همین موضوع باعث شده است که نتوان تعریفی واضح و روشن برای اصطلاح طنز یا کاربرد یگانه‌ای برای آن یافت. برپایۀ معانی این اصطلاح در ادب فارسی معاصر، طنز در معنی تمسخر (و طیف معنایی نزدیک به آن)، شوخی (و طیف معنایی نزدیک به آن) و در معنی اصطلاحی ادبی را می‌توان سه راس مثلثی دانست که هر متن ادبی حامل شوخی، طنز و تمسخر با توجه به نسبتی که با هریک از این معانی دارند در جایی از این مثلث قرار می‌گیرد.

different meanings of humor in contemporary persian literature and their illustrative relevance

the word ‘humor’ in persian literature has different meanings. in the contemporary period, it is used as a ‘literary term’ with a difference in definition compared to the joke. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the meanings of humor in specialized sources, cultures, and related books in contemporary literature in order to find a rather comprehensive definition. the two research questions posed in the study are: what meaning or meanings are meant by the term humor? is it possible to consider a clear and unique definition of humor in contemporary persian literature and what text is an example of humor? the findings of this research show that the different meanings found by ‘humor’ are related and overlapping making it very difficult to find a clear definition for the term ‘humor’ or a single use for it.  introduction the meaning of ‘humor’ is considered self-evident in the general studies related to this field. this is despite the fact that the word ‘humor’ like many words of the language has been used throughout history to convey different meanings, and the idea of ​​a single meaning for it in various historical texts is a false assumption. based on this, it is necessary to determine first what is meant by ‘humor’ in any research and which of the different meanings of humor is intended. accuracy in the different meanings of humor, describing the semantic changes of this word, or in other words, the development of the meaning that ‘humor’ has found in the persian language and literature, and providing a model to express the relationship and ratio of the different meanings of ‘humor’, are the most important topics that the present study has addressed. materials and methodsthis research has been done in two parts using the descriptive-analytical method. in the first part, an attempt is made to understand ‘what is humor’ through the accuracy of its lexical meaning. finding the roots of the word humor and accuracy in the meaning of this word in various historical texts and based on the chronological order of these texts could indicate the change or development of the meaning of this word over time. in the next section, it is pointed out that the word ‘humor’ has been used as a ‘literary term’ in the contemporary period, and on this basis, it is necessary to ‘define’ this term precisely.