درنگی بر پیوندهای معنایی و بلاغی واژگان در ابیاتی از حافظ؛ نگاهی به کتاب مهندسی‌‌ سخن در سروده‌های حافظ از محمد راستگو

ازآنجاکه مهم ترین ویژگی سبکی و هنری شعر حافظ، استفادۀ اعجاب انگیز او از ایهام و انواع آن و به ویژه ایهام تناسب است، محققان بسیاری کوشیده اند با استخراج شواهد ایهام و انواع آن در شعر او، لایه های معنایی و رمزوارگی زبانی او را به تصویر بکشند. ازجمله پژوهشگرانی که درزمینۀ شعر حافظ، مطالعات درخوری انجام داده است و آثار ارزشمندی را در این حوزه به جامعه‌ ادبی و علمی تقدیم کرده، محمد راستگوست. از جمله آثار راستگو، کتاب مهندسی سخن در سروده های حافظ است که در سه دفتر گردآوری‌ شده است. دفتر نخست، به نام در پی آن آشنا، شامل سه گفتار در بارۀ زبان و بیان هنری حافظ است. نویسنده در این کتاب، کوشیده است شگردهای هنری حافظ را برای دستیابی به هندسۀ استوار و خلل ناپذیر سخن خویش بازنماید. این مقاله کوشش دارد ضمن تایید یا نقد توضیحات راستگو ذیل ابیات که در پیوند با شگردهای هنری حافظ آورده شده است، نکات و مطالب دیگری نیز برای تکمیل و تبیین ظرفیت های بیشتر هنری شعر حافظ و به‌ویژه ابیات بحث شده مطرح کند. روش پژوهش، کتابخانه ای و اسنادی است.

The artistic and linguistic techniques in the poetry of Hafez: A review of Speech Engineering in Hafez’s Poems by Mohammad Rastgoo

Abstract Hafez’s poetry has always been the focus of study by researchers of various fields of the humanities, especially literary researchers from different viewpoints. The usage of linguistic techniques and literary arts and the reflection of various semantic relations between words are the reasons why researchers have viewed his poetry with a particular attitude. On the other hand, since the most outstanding stylistic and artistic feature of Hafez’s poetry is his elaborate use of ambiguity, many scholars and poets have tried to extract different mysterious meanings by referring to pieces of evidence and examples of ambiguity in his poetry. The language of art reveals the wonders of the prismatic relations of words in Hafez’s poetry. In other words, Hafez’s linguistic and rhetorical techniques in his poetry have made the audience understand an appropriate personal level and extent of emotions, feelings, awareness, and knowledge of the linguistic and semantic layers of words and their artistic and content connection. They also could make interpretations and comprehend different meanings of his poetry to achieve more pleasure and enjoy the art. Undoubtedly, Hafez himself, with his knowledge and linguistic capacity, has been involved in selecting and combining words based on their artistic and semantic connections. However, the reader’s place is vital in discovering and finding the semantic and linguistic layers of text and word’s musical features. In the book Speech Engineering in Hafez’s Poems, Mohammad Rastgoo has studied the reasons for selecting some words in Hafez’s verses based on “the death of the author’ theory that is of valuable researches in discovering the internal and external features of a work. The arts and content of many of Hafez’s verses are deliberate and perfect. However, eventually, in addition to different views and theories, there are other semantic and linguistic aspects in those poems. The research point of view is to design the same features and other linguistic and semantic layers in completing the views. In fact, the purpose of this study is mainly to examine the viewpoints and honest opinions about the aesthetic and semantic arts of Hafez’s verses in the book Speech Engineering in Hafez’s Poems, to justify, complete, and propose additional views that are detailed and documented in other artistic relationships with words in Hafez’s verses. So this article tries to confirm the explanations and contents of some poems related to Hafez’s artistic techniques to reveal his artistic capacities, especially in the verses that have been studied.