مضامین ادبی و بلاغی و صور خیال حرف جیم در ادب پارسی

حرف جیم (ج، جا)، حرفِ ششم از حروف الفبای پارسی، حرف پنجم از حروف الفبای عربی، حرفِ سوم از حروف ابجد و نماینده عدد سه در حسابِ جُمّل است. حرف جیم، بعد از حرفالف که به واسطه شکل و جایگاه خاص ادبی، دینی، عرفانی و برخی ویژگی های منحصربه فرد، یکی از پُرکاربردترین حروف در ساخت مضامین، فضاهای شاعرانه، ترکیبات و تعبیرات نغز و ظریف ادب پارسی به شمار  می رود، یکی از چند حرف مهمِ مضمون آفرین و تصویرسازی در ادب پارسی است. این مقاله که به بررسی جایگاه ادبی و بلاغی حرف جیم در آثار ادبی شاعران و نویسندگان متعدد ادب پارسی در آفرینش مضامین، فضاهای شاعرانه، ترکیبات و تعبیرات پرداخته، دستاوردهای ارزشمندی داشته است. بررسی شواهد ادبی به دست آمده، نشان می دهد اکثر شاعران و نویسندگان، از حرف جیم و ویژگی های خاص آن در آفرینش مضامین ادبی و در برخی موارد، مضامین دینی و عرفانی بهره برده اند؛ اگرچه دامنه مضامین، تعبیرات و ترکیبات برساخته از حالت، شکل و ویژگی های حرف جیم بسیار اندک است، بیشتر شاعران و نویسندگان، حتی با ارائه یک مضمون، نقشِ مضمون سازی حرف جیم در ادب پارسی را تایید کرده اند. بیشتر آنها، از ویژگی های حروفی چون الف، م، د، ن، ص و... به منظور نقشِ مکمّلِ مضمون سازی حرف جیم استفاده کرده اند. مضامین ادبی و هنری برساخته از حرف جیم، از ظرافت ادبی و در برخی موارد، به واسطه خلق فضاهای شاعرانه و مضامین بکر، از پیچیدگی هنری خاصی برخوردار است. مولوی، عطار، فرخی سیستانی، اسعد گرگانی، سنایی و... به ترتیب، ازجمله شاعرانی هستند که بیشترین مضامین ادبی و هنری را به کمک ویژگی های حرف جیم آفریده اند.

Letter J`s (ج) Literary and rhetoric contents in Persian literature

Abstract In Persian literature, creating contents with Persian alphabets has a special place. Ever since, creating images, contents, interpretations, and syntaxes thanks to shape and state of Persian alphabets attracts many writers and poets. Nearly all poets and writers have dealt with this subject. Letter Jim is one of the letters that attracts many writers and poets along with other letters. Among the alphabets, letter Jim is one of the most useful letters for creating contents, poetic areas, and fine and delicate syntaxes and interpretations of Persian literature after letter Alef which attracts many poets and writers due to its shape, state, and special literary, religious, and theosophical place, and some of its unique properties. Although other Persian letters play the role of creating the pristine and delicate contents, letter Jim with some of the unique properties has special importance rather than some of these letters. Letter Jim is sixth letter of Persian alphabet, the fifth letter of Arabic alphabet, third letter of Abjad letter, and the representative of number three in Jommal calculation due to its appearance and writing form, labyrinth hair, line of face, and also because of having dot by the hair, parotid line, and tight and small mouth, and it plays its role as one of the most important contentcreating letters in making poetic and doubleentendre images of face and its beauties. The letter Jim of hair and Jim of ear with letter Sad of eye and Ein of eye and letter mim of mouth and Ya of lip, and Sin of teeth and Alef of ear, altogether show a beautiful image of the letters’ role on the face. Due to its ringlike, narrow, and curved shape, letter Jim is the symbol of bending, humility, lowliness, disability, shame, and frustration, and it is the origin of creating many contents in this context. Regarding this attention of the writers and poets to the letter Jim in creating literary contents and important place of this letter in creating poetic areas, it is very important to address the role of literary and rhetorical language of letter Jim in Persian literature and analyze the poetic and prosaic evidence in this context, so it paves the way for understanding  the artistic and literary beauties of images and contents made from the Persian letters, specially letter Jim. Studying the obtained literary evidence shows that most writers and poets have benefited letter Jim and its special properties in creating literary contents, and in some cases religious and theosophical contents. Although the range of contents, interpretations, and syntaxes made from state, form, and properties of letter Jim is very limited, most poets and writers have confirmed the contentcreating role of letter Jim in Persian literature, even by presenting one content. Most of them have used the properties of letters such as alef, be, te, the, jim, he, khe, dal, zal, re, ze, sin, shin, sad, ta, za, ein, fe, ghaf, lam, mim, nun, vav, he, and ye as the contentmaking complementary role of letter Jim, but they haven’t used the letters zhe, pe, che, zad, ghein, kaf, ghaf in this way. Artistic and literary contents made from letter Jim have literary elegance, and in some cases, they have special artistic complexities due to the creation of poetic areas and pristine contents. The writers and poets have benefited the various literary arrays and artistic beauties, specially metaphor, allusion, assimilation, and amphibology for creating contents, syntaxes, and interpretations of letter Jim. Molavi and Attar are the most active poets in the arena of creating delicate and pristine contents of letter Jim. Literary contents, phrases, and syntaxes made from letter Jim in Molavi’s and Attar’s poems which are one of the most artistic structures of Persian literature rather than other poets have special novelty and elegance. Farrokhi Sistani, Fakhroddin Asad Gorgani, Sanaie, …, are the poets who have created the most literary and artistic contents thanks to the properties of letter Jim after Molavi and attar, respectively.