تحلیل مقایسه‌ای ساختار و محتوای شعر شاعران زن معاصر؛ مطالعۀ موردی: صفارزاده، راکعی، کاشانی و وحیدی

شاعران از قدیم تا امروز برای بیان ذهنیّات خود از روش خاص خود استفاده کرده و همین روش خاص باعث شده ازنظر زبان، محتوا و قالب، آثارشان از دیگری متمایز شود و هریک سبک خاص خود را رقم بزنند؛ بر همین سیاق، شاعران زن در عصر کنونی، برای بیان مباحث اجتماعی، زبان خاص خود را دارند که از دیگری متمایز است و باعث سبک‌آفرینی شعر آنان شده ‌است. در این مقاله، کوشش شده ‌است اشعار چهار شاعر معاصرِ زن (صفارزاده، راکعی، کاشانی و وحیدی) که با رخدادهای انقلابِ اسلامی همزمان بوده‌اند، با تاکید بر ساختار و محتوای اشعار پس از انقلاب این شاعران، با رویکرد سبک‌شناسی لایه‌ای و روش تحلیل محتوا بررسی شود. نتیجۀ به‌دست‌آمده نشان می‌دهد صفارزاده با ساختار شعر نو، کاشانی و وحیدی با شعر کلاسیک و راکعی در هردو نوع آثاری خلق ‌کرده‌اند. اشعار زنانه در شعر راکعی نمود بیشتر و محسوس‌تری دارد. واژه‌های امروزی و ساده، دوری از تعقید، بیانِ کنش‌های اجتماعی، توجه ویژه به روحیّۀ حماسی و ملی‌گرایی، شهید و شهادت، ظلم‌ستیزی و ... ویژگی‌هایی است که به‌صورت مشترک در اشعار این شاعران مشاهده می‌شود.

A Comparative Analysis of the structure and Content of the Poetry of Contemporary Female Poets: The Case Study of Saffarzadeh, Rake’i, Kashani, Vahidi

Abstract In expressing thoughts and feelings, the poet’s specific method makes her works distinguished in terms of structure and content. Female poets in the present age have their own language to express different issues, which is distinct from the other. Contemporary postrevolutionary female poets have poems in classical, neoclassical, and Nimayi styles that can be analyzed using a stylistic approach based on different layers of style. It is necessary to examine the stylistic components of attracting the audience’s attention to the text and revealing the hidden layers of the text. In Fotuhi’s view, style and structure of poetry can be examined in five linguistic layers: phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical, and ideological. In this article, the authors have attempted to examine poems by four contemporary female poets (Saffarzadeh, Rake’i, Kashani, and Vahidi) that coincided with the events of the Islamic Revolution, emphasizing the structure and content of their postrevolutionary poems with a layered stylistic approach and content analysis method. Statistical and analytical survey of the poems of these poets shows that all four poets have noticed the music of poetry in the phonetic layer in a different way. By comparing the lexical layer components, it can be said that the use of sensory and specific words, repetition of words and unmarked words in the poems of Saffarzadeh are more frequent than others and these components in Kashani poetry are less than the rest. Rakki has used more abstract vocabulary than others and Kashani in the use of abstract vocabulary is in second place after Rake’i. There is a significant difference in the use of words between these poets which minimizes their common way in this layer. By examining the syntactic layer, it was found that the use of imperative and preventive verbs in Kashani poetry, precedence of verbs in Rake’i poetry, and beginning with and in Saffarzadeh poetry have the highest frequency. And Vahidi’s poetry in the syntactic layer is not simple and worth mentioning. By examining the rhetorical layer, many commonalities among these poets have been seen. Apart from Kashani, in the simile component, the rest are equally emerged in this layer. By examining the layer of ideology, other than the subject of martyrdom, the personality of the leader of the revolution and social disruption that are of highfrequency, the other themes and components are almost identical in frequency. There are common concepts and themes in the subject of resistance, endurance, and defense literature that in the works of all poets have a high frequency. Generally speaking, Saffarzadeh with the structure of modern poetry, Kashani and Vahidi with a classical poetry, and Rake’i in both types have created works. Women’s Poems in Rake’i poetry has a more intense appearance. Modern and simple words, avoidance of complexity, expression of social practices, special attention to epic and nationalism, martyrdom and martyr, cruelty and so on are characteristics that are common in these poets’ poems.