مدل شناسی تطبیقی پاسخ به بیوتروریسم کشاورزی

بروز هرگونه آسیب در صنعت کشاورزی موجب ناامنی ملی و غذایی می شود. در این عصر مقابله با بیوتروریسم کشاورزی جز در سایه تعامل، دوراندیشی و سازمان‌دهی مناسب کشورها امکان پذیر نخواهد بود. با بهره‌مندی از دیپلماسی پاسخ‌گذاری می‌توان به بررسی و ارائه یک مدل جهت پاسخ‌دهی به بیوتروریسم کشاورزی از طریق انعقاد قراردادهای دو یا چندجانبه و معاهدات پرداخت. مقاله حاضر به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش اساسی است که آیا جمهوری اسلامی ایران همانند کشورهای پیشرو دارای مدل پاسخگویی خاصی جهت مقابله با بیوتروریسم کشاورزی است؟ در پاسخ به این پرسش باید به این نکته اذعان کرد که در سیاست جنایی ایران تاکنون مدل و چارچوبی برای مدیریت خطر به جهت جلوگیری و یا کاهش بیوتروریسم کشاورزی و یا ارائه واکنش‌های اضطراری به آن تدوین نشده است. این در حالی است که کشورهایی مانند آمریکا، انگلستان و استرالیا سال‌هاست که پی به اهمیت این موضوع برده و بعضاً ملاحظات این پدیده مجرمانه را در ساختار کلی امنیت ملی خود گنجانده اند. تحقیق حاضر از نظر نوع و هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی بوده که با جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از طریق بررسی اسنادی و فیش‌برداری و رجوع به سایت‌ها و مقالات متعدد به رشته تحریر درآمده است.

comparative modeling of responses to agricultural bioterrorism: a legal analysis

the occurrence of any damage within the agricultural industry can have severe ramifications for national and food security. addressing this insecurity necessitates international cooperation, foresight, and effectiveorganization among countries. this article explores the potential ofemploying diplomatic strategies to establish response models for agricultural bioterrorism through bilateral or multilateral agreements and treaties. the central question addressed in this study is whether the islamic republic of iran possesses a specific response model for addressing agricultural bioterrorism, akin to other nations. the examination reveals that iran lacks acomprehensive risk management model within its criminal policy to prevent or mitigate agricultural bioterrorism and provide timely emergencyresponses. in contrast, countries like the united states, england, and australia have recognized the significance of this threat for years, incorporating it into their national security frameworks. this descriptivestudy draws upon extensive document reviews, referencing numerous sources and articles.the dynamic global landscape, characterized by political, economic, and social transformations, underscores the critical importance of agriculture,which serves as a vital source of employment, self-sufficiency, and foodsecurity for nations. consequently, one of the most economically impactful strategies that can be employed by malicious actors is targeting a country'sagricultural and food supply. terrorism, as a subject of criminal law and policy, encompasses various forms, with bioterrorism being particularly significant, as it encompasses a wide array of potential threats. anintentional biological attack on the agricultural sector can lead to extensive consequences, giving rise to the phenomenon known as agricultural bioterrorism or agroterrorism. agricultural bioterrorism involves thedeliberate release of pathogenic agents affecting animals or plants with the intent to instill fear, inflict economic damage, and disrupt a nation's stability.the discussion surrounding agricultural bioterrorism is multifaceted and fundamental, posing risks to agricultural products, livestock populations, andhuman health. furthermore, it poses a threat to ecosystems and can facilitate the introduction of pests through contaminated seeds, infected livestock,novel fertilizers altering soil structure, tainted meat imports, and biodiversity concerns. in the context of threats to the agricultural industry, the emergenceof bio-agricultural warfare or bio-terrorism as a contemporary phenomenon is not inconceivable.the threats associated with agricultural bioterrorism primarily stem from three factors: a lack of awareness among citizens and agriculture professionals, weak legal frameworks, and inadequate infrastructure tocombat agricultural bioterrorism. in recent decades, these threats have undergone significant and complex developments on both domestic and international fronts due to factors such as the ease of transferring and storing biological agents, their ability to reproduce, the difficulty of attributing attacks to specific perpetrators, and the involvement of organized criminalgroups. the economic and national security repercussions of an agricultural bioterrorism attack far surpass those of a conventional war, making it apressing concern in the contemporary global landscape. the globalization of terrorism has allowed perpetrators to operate across international borderswithout restraint, making no region, government, or nation immune to their actions. consequently, addressing the multifaceted challenges and threatsposed by agricultural bioterrorism demands international cooperation among governments and international organizations.