نگرش نظام‌مند به قانون اساسی مبتنی بر الگوهای انسجام متن

در تفسیر قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران به عنوان یک قانون اساسی نوشته مبتنی بر رویکرد منشاگرایی، متن درجه اول اهمیت را برای فهم دارد و از همین روی می‌توان از ابزارهای زبان‌شناسی بهره جست. یکی از این ابزارها، انسجام متن است. برای سنجش و ایجاد انسجام متن الگوهای متعددی بیان شده است که از برخی از آن‌ها می‌توان در تفسیر قانون اساسی بهره برد. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی درصدد پاسخ به این سوال است که نگرش نظام‌مند به قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران مبتنی بر الگوهای انسجام متن چگونه است؟ و به همین منظور با ادعای طرح روش تفسیری جدید، نحوه کاربست الگوها انسجام متن در تفسیر قانون اساسی در سه سطح واژگان یا عبارات، اصول و موضوع‌ها را به عنوان یافته پژوهش ارائه می‌دهد؛ به این صورت که در سطح واژگان یا عبارات ابزارهای ارجاع، جایگزینی، حذف و بازآیی، در سطح اصول با نگرش به کل اصل به‌مثابه یک نظام، ابزار انسجام ربطی و در همین سطح با نگرش به کل قانون اساسی (اصول دیگر)، مدل کینچ و ون‌دیک یا ساختار بلاغی و در سطح موضوعات، روش تحلیل موضوع بنیاد را مناسب‌ترین ابزار برای تفسیر قانون اساسی مبتنی بر الگوهای انسجام متن می‌داند.

a systematic approach to the constitution based on text coherence patterns

the constitution of the islamic republic of iran is a foundational document that serves as the cornerstone of the nation's legal and political framework. as a written constitution, it necessitates careful and nuanced interpretation to ensure its effective implementation. the process of interpreting the constitution is a complex endeavor, encompassing two overarching approaches: the originalist and the non-originalist. according to article 98 of the constitution, the guardian council, as the competent interpreter of the constitution, predominantly adheres to the originalist approach. this approach places paramount importance on the text itself, inviting the application of linguistic tools to unlock its deeper meanings. among these tools, one that stands out as particularly relevant is text coherence, a concept rooted in linguistic theory. text coherence, in essence, refers to the structural attributes of a text or statement that unify its various components, creating a systematic and interconnected framework within the discourse. scholars have developed several models to measure and establish text coherence, and intriguingly, some of these models have found practical application in the interpretation of the constitution. this research, conducted through a meticulous descriptive-analytical method, seeks to address a fundamental question: what constitutes a systematic approach to interpreting the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, grounded in text coherence patterns? to explore this question thoroughly, we delve into four key text coherence patterns: halliday and hassan's coherence pattern, kintsch and van dijk's discourse model, rhetorical structure theory, and foundation subject analysis. these patterns serve as invaluable tools for crafting a coherent interpretation of the constitution at three distinct levels: individual words or phrases, underlying principles, and overarching thematic elements. halliday and hassan's pioneering work in 1976 categorized the tools that foster cohesion in the english language into three essential categories: grammatical cohesion, lexical cohesion, and relational cohesion. grammatical coherence tools encompass reference, substitution, and deletion, offering a framework for understanding how different parts of the text interact. lexical coherence tools delve into repetition, co-occurrence, semantic synonymy, semantic contrast, and semantic inclusion, providing insights into how language choices contribute to textual coherence. meanwhile, relational coherence tools, which include additional, causal, contrastive, and temporal links, reveal the intricate relationships between elements of the discourse. kintsch and van dijk's seminal work in 1978 laid the foundation for understanding the prerequisites for constructing a coherent text base. in particular, they highlighted the significance of referential coherence as a linchpin for semantic coherence. referential coherence centers on the alignment of topics across propositions, and as such, it emerges as a crucial criterion for determining the overall coherence of a text. rhetorical structure theory, a groundbreaking framework introduced by mann and thompson in 1987 and 1988, offers a deeper understanding of text organization by elucidating the relationships between different parts of a text. this theory underscores the hierarchical and interconnected structure of texts, where each component plays a distinct role in relation to others. this hierarchical structure ensures that texts maintain a coherent and logical flow, a critical element in the interpretation of any document, particularly a constitution.