مبانی حق بر مهاجرت و اقامت در کشورهای غیراسلامی در فقه و حقوق بین الملل

مهاجرت به معنای مسافرت و جابه جایی فرد انسانی از کشوری به کشور دیگر برای زندگی و اقامت است. این پدیده انسانی با رویکردهای اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و مردم‌شناسانه قابل بررسی است. مبانی حق بر مهاجرت فرد مسلمان به کشورهای غیراسلامی و اقامت در آن کشورها در پژوهشی با سنجه های فقهی و آموزه های حقوق بین الملل مسئله این پژوهش است. روش این پژوهش در مقام ارزیابی و داوری تحلیلی است. البته با توجه به بین رشته ای و تطبیقی بودن ساحتی از پژوهش، مقایسه و تطبیق آموزه های دو حوزه دانشی فقه و حقوق بین الملل در زمینه مسئله موردبحث مدنظر بوده است. بر اساس بروندادهای این پژوهش در حقوق بین الملل به‌ویژه در پرتو آموزه های نظام بین‌المللی حقوق بشر، حق بر مهاجرت و اقامت حقی نسل اولی است. چنانکه بایستگی زیست انسانی و اسلامی که تلازمی با زندگی در کشورهای اسلامی نداشته و ندارد، به‌عنوان اصلی اولی مورد درک عقل و تایید شرع است. این فهم مبنای روایی مهاجرت و اقامت فرد مسلمان در کشورها ی غیراسلامی است. توجه به اقتضای درک عقل در مسئله موردبررسی و تاکید بر شناور بودن حکم مسئله ازجمله بروندادهای قابل اعتنا این پژوهش است.

the foundations of the right to immigrate and reside in non-islamic countries in jurisprudence and international law

migration involves the movement of individuals from one country to another for the purpose of living and settling. this economic phenomenon can be examined through social, cultural, political, and popular lenses. this research focuses on the right of muslims to immigrate to non-islamic countries and establish residence, exploring it in the context of jurisprudential standards and international law doctrines. the investigation delves into the permissibility of muslim migration to non-islamic countries and the acceptability of continued residence in such countries, drawing from jurisprudence and international law doctrines. the research encompasses various aspects, including international law and the migration and settlement of individuals, background study and jurisprudential stance on muslim migration and residence in non-islamic countries, foundations and evidence for arguments against living in non-islamic countries under non-islamic laws, foundations and evidence for arguments supporting living in non-islamic countries, and critique of the foundations and evidence supporting permissibility and sanctity, followed by an analysis and conclusion. the research adopts an analytical approach, considering the interdisciplinary and comparative nature of the subject matter. it juxtaposes teachings from the fields of jurisprudence and international law to address the discussed issue comprehensively. the findings of this research, particularly in the realm of international law and guided by the principles of the international human rights system, establish the right to immigration and residence as a fundamental first-generation right. this right finds its expression in documents such as the universal declaration of human rights and the international covenant on civil and political rights, with the principle of freedom of movement serving as a tangible manifestation of this right. recognizing the earth as humanity's home, as reflected in various international documents, forms the basis for acknowledging the right of individuals to utilize it and migrate freely across its territories. this viewpoint aligns with the notion of god's land is vast, which underpins the right to immigrate and reside within religious thought and the holy qur'an. both perspectives emphasize the right of human beings to utilize the land, with migration and settlement serving as examples of this entitlement. in international law and the teachings of the international human rights system, the focus is on the right to immigration and residence rather than the religious affiliation of the migrant. the destination country's religion holds limited relevance. conversely, within the literature of accomplished scholars of jurisprudence, migration has primarily been discussed in the context of moving from dar al-kafr (land of disbelief) to dar al-aman or dar al-islam (lands of safety or islam) for individuals unable to practice their religion and rituals freely. thus, contrary to the teachings of international law and the international human rights system, the religious identity of the migrant and the islamic nature of the destination country have become subjective factors. the focus for many jurists has been on reverse migration from non-islamic lands to islamic countries and the ensuing settlement.