الانماط الزمنیة، مفارقاتها وجمالیاتها فی روایة وکان مساء لعبد الحمید جودة السحار

ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺴﺮد اﺣﺪی اﻟﺮﮐﺎﺋﺰ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺼﻮص اﻟﻘﺼﺼﯿﺔ، واﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮه اﻷﺻﻠﯿﺔ. ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﺟﯿﺮار ﺟﯿﻨﯿﺖ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺮواﺋﻲ، ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﮐﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﺣﻮل ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺴﺮدی اﻟﻬﺎم. ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ ﻓﺮﻗﺎً ﺑﺎرزاً ﺑﯿﻦ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺺ وزﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺺ؛ ﺗﻘ ّﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﯽ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﻧﻤﺎط رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﻠﯽ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ: اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ واﻟﻤﺪة واﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ. رواﯾﺔ وﮐﺎن ﻣﺴﺎء ﮐﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﻤﯿﺪ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺴﺤﺎر، ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮواﺋﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﻫﺘﻤﻮا ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮدی وﺗﻮﻇﯿﻔﻪ ﺑﺤﺴﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﮐﺒﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ. ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮواﺋﻲ ﯾﺴﺮد ﻓﻲ رواﯾﺘﻪ ﻫﺬه، اﻷﻓﮑﺎر واﻟﻬﻮاﺟﺲ واﻵﻻم واﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﯿﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺬی ﻓﺸﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺒﻪ و ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﯽ ﺣﺒﯿﺒﺘﻪ وﻓﻬﻮ ﯾﻠﻌﺐ دور اﻟﺮاوی واﻟﺒﻄﻞ او اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ. ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺮدﯾﺔ، ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوی ان ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮواﯾﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﮐﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺤﮑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ان اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺎرﻗﺎت واﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﯿﺎت اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪة، ﻟﮑﻦ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺸﻮﻓﺔ؛ اذ ﻻﻧﺪری ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻲ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ام ﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ. ﺗﻬﺪف اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ دراﺳﺔ اﻷﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ رواﯾﺔ وﮐﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮواﯾﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ وﺗﮑﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﻬﺎ وﻣﻔﺎرﻗﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮء ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﺟﯿﺮار ﺟﯿﻨﯿﺖ . اﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻲ ان اﻟﮑﺎﺗﺐ ﯾﻨﺘﻤﻲ اﻟﯽ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﯿﺔ واﺳﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷرﺿﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ، ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻔﺎرﻗﺎت اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰة ﻋﺒﺮ ﺗﻮﻇﯿﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺨﻄﻲ ﻟﺴﺮد اﺣﺪاث اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ وﮐﺬﻟﻚ اﺳﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮات اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﺪی ﻧﻤ َﻄﻲ اﻟﻤﺪة واﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ. ﮐﺬﻟﻚ اﻫﺘﻢ اﻟﺴﺤﺎر ﺑﮑﺴﺮ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ وﺗﺤﻄﯿﻤﻪ وﮐﺄﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﺰات اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ، ﻗﺪ ﻟﺠﺄ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺮواﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺎت واﻷﺣﺪاث وﮐﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺨﻠﻖ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ وﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺪة واﻟﺤﻞ وﻟﺨﻠﻖ اﻟﺼﺮاﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة ﻋﻠﯽ ﺻﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﺴﺮدی. اﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﯽ ذﻟﻚ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺴﺮد اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﺳﺘﻌﺎرة ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع واﻹﺳﺘﺒﺎق.

Time Forms, Paradoxes and Aesthetic Features in Va Kan Masa Novel, written by Abdul Hamid Joddah Al-Sahaar

The contemporary Sudanese poet, Mohammad AlFitouri, employed revolutionary personalities to indicate the pains of his society and their wishes for freedom. He has created an enthusiastic spirit in his poems. His characters portray his ambitions, opinion for national and humanitarian issues in the Arab world and represents his beliefs, the torment and oppression on people. He highlights his feelings against the harsh conditions in the Arab world. This study through descriptiveanalytical approach and using semiotic analysis aimed to investigate revolutionary personalities in the poetry of AlFitouri to reveal the semiotic connotations. To achieve this purpose, the names of political, heritage and literary personalities were categorized and then their signs, actions and connotations in the poetic text were explored. Sometimes these characters are signs and symbols. They have multiple connotations and convey the profound meaning of the poem. The identification of the symbolic features in characters’ names plays an important role in preserving national values and strengthening the spirit of hope. Among the most prominent characters were Imam Khomeini, Nelson Mandella, Salah alDin alAyyubi, Antara ibn Shaddad, Abdul Khaleq Mahjoub and Sultan Taj alDin. Results showed that the characters in the poetry of AlFitouri can affect the human soul and evoke ideas as such rejection, rebellion and revolution against tyranny in readers. On the other hand, words such as garden, bird, the dust, etc. have different connotations to indicate national issues. Yet, issues like rain, jungle, river, and storm represent the people who struggle to obtain freedom. His poems carry connotations such as hope and liberty and call people to fight against injustice, colonialism and defend the dignity of their homeland.