تعیین زمان آبیاری گیاه فلفل قلمی با استفاده از روش کامپیوتری

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﮐﺸﺎورزی در اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺻﺤﯿﺢ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﺿﺮوری اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﻫﺎ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی آﺑﯿﺎری ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزی اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮدن زﻣﺎن آﺑﯿﺎری و ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﻻزم در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ آﺑﯿﺎری در ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ زﻣﺎن آﺑﯿﺎری از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ ﻓﻠﻔﻞ در اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎک اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﺑﺮای ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی زراﻋﯽ از روش ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات رﻧﮓ ﻣﯿﻮه و ﺑﺮگ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮدازش ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، وﻟﯽ ﺑﺮای ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎک ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻫﯿﭻ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ای در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺗﺼﻮر ﻧﻤﻮد اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اوﻟﯿﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﻮق اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻓﻠﻔﻞ ﻗﻠﻤﯽ، از ﮔﻠﺪان ﻫﺎی ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﻧﺸﺎﻫﺎی ﻓﻠﻔﻞ ﻗﻠﻤﯽ دﯾﻤﺎز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮی ﺷﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ ﮔﯿﺎه و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎک ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. روزاﻧﻪ از ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ ﻋﮑﺲ ﺑﺮداری ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎپ 2015 اﻧﺠﺎم و از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ رﻧﮕﯽ lab اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ 10، 30 و 50 درﺻﺪ، آﺑﯿﺎری ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون آﺑﯿﺎری در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی آﺑﯿﺎری اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. (ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ.) ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﻃﯽ دوره رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه از زﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻧﺸﺎءﻫﺎ (ﺳﻪ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﻧﺸﺎﮐﺎری) ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 52 روز ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ 10، 30 و 50 درﺻﺪ، آﺑﯿﺎری ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون آﺑﯿﺎری در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی آﺑﯿﺎری اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. )ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ.( ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﻃﯽ دوره رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه از زﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻧﺸﺎءﻫﺎ )ﺳﻪ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﻧﺸﺎﮐﺎری( ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 52 روز ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی: ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ رﻧﮕﯽ lab ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از 94 درﺻﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات رﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﺮگ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ زﻣﺎن آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮده ﺷﻮد. از ﻣﺰاﯾﺎی اﯾﻦ روش، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻی ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آن اﺷﺎره ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن دﻗﺖ در اﯾﻦ روش و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻣﮑﺎن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی ﮐﺮدن آن ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ دارد و ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ و درﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ روش ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﻮﺑﯽ در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﻗﻄﻊ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدی اﻋﻢ از ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ روش ﻫﺎی ﻋﺪدی دﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ زﻣﺎن دﻗﯿﻖ آﺑﯿﺎری دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ از ﺳﻪ ﻣﺪل درﺧﺘﯽ c5 ،quest و chaid ﮐﻪ اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی درﺧﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻼس ﻫﺎی رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺧﺎک اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪل درﺧﺘﯽ c5 دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎی دﯾﮕﺮ دارد و دﻗﺖ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻼس ﻫﺎی رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺧﺎک ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮای ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ lab، 86 درﺻﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎک، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ در ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ ﮔﯿﺎه اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎک ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺷﻮد، رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ ﺗﯿﺮه ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد و اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﺮ اﻟﻤﺎن ﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ رﻧﮕﯽ lab ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارد.

Determination of Irrigation time of chili pepper by computer method

Background and Purpose: The problem of water scarcity is one of the most important agricultural problems in Iran, therefore proper and timely use of water resources is essential. One of the strategies for optimal use of water in agriculture is irrigation planning of agricultural products. Irrigation planning means specifying the irrigation time and amount of water needed at each irrigation time during the plant growth period. In this study, in order to determine the irrigation time, the color change index of pepper leaf due to the decrease in soil moisture was used. So far, some studies have been carried out to determine some of the agronomic parameters of the fruit and leaf color changes using digital image processing, but no evidence is available for the relationship between leaf color and soil moisture subject to this thesis. Therefore, it can be assumed that this research is the first research in this field.Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of water stress on leaf color of chili pepper, plastic pots and dimaz chili peppers were used. The measured parameters included plant leaf color and soil moisture. Leaves were photographed daily and finally leaf color analysis was performed using Photoshop and BAL color scheme. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments including 10, 30 and 50% water stress, complete irrigation and no irrigation treatment in four replications for irrigation planning. (No irrigation treatment was considered as control treatment). Water stress was applied to the treatments for 52 days during plant growth period from transplanting (three weeks after transplanting) until harvest.Results: The LAB color system with a correlation coefficient higher than 94% can be used as an efficient system for investigating leaf color changes and determining irrigation time. One of the advantages of this method is its high computational volume and high accuracy of results. Increasing the accuracy of this method and examining its feasibility requires further research, and its simplicity and low cost can be a good justification for continuing its use. Certainly, by developing research on the proposed system, including the use of laboratory equipment and more accurate numerical methods, acceptable results can be obtained in estimating the exact irrigation time. On the other hand, three tree models QUEST, C5 and CHAID, which are decision tree algorithms, were used to predict soil moisture classes. The results showed that the C5 tree model had higher accuracy than other models and the accuracy of prediction of soil moisture classes by this model for the lab system was 86%.Conclusion: The findings showed that as a result of soil moisture changes, there is a change in the natural reflection of the leaf color of the plant, and the lower the soil moisture, the darker the leaf color becomes and these changes affect the elements of the lab color system.