a 25-year sensitivity analysis on pv-wind hybrid energy system to supply power of a nearly-zero energy building: a topsis method ranking

This study analyzes a hybrid solar-wind energy system for a nearly zero-energy building (nzeb) in shahinshahr, iran, over 25 years, using homer v2.81 software. it highlights the system’s significance as a sustainable energy solution. the scientific contribution lies in its sensitivity analysis for optimizing hybrid systems and renewable energy use. real-world data informs the methodology, and scenarios are ranked via the topsis method. among six parameters, “emissions (kg/year)” has the highest influence (normalized weight: 0.52), while “renewable fraction (%)” and “losses (kwh/year)” have the least (weight: 0.31). results indicate that the grid-connected solar system, supplying 46% of energy at a cost of $58,726, is most suitable, preventing 119 tons of co2 annually. the hybrid solar-wind system ranks second, despite achieving the highest renewable electricity and pollution reduction. the grid-connected wind system ranks third, offering the lowest converter losses and highest surplus electricity. this work serves as a roadmap for optimizing renewable energy systems and advancing nzebs.