design and implementation of a greenhouse gas detection measurement system for methane and carbon dioxide

The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (ghgs), particularly methane (ch₄) and carbon dioxide (co₂), significantly contributes to climate change, necessitating continuous and accurate monitoring. this study presents the design and implementation of a real-time greenhouse gas detection and measurement system using cost-effective sensors (mq-4, mq-135, dht-11, and bmp-280) integrated with an arduino uno and esp32 wifi module. the system was deployed in selected locations across abuja, nigeria, and monitored ch₄ and co₂ concentrations over a period of five months. calibration of the sensors was performed using known gas standards, and data validation was conducted to account for environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. the results indicate significant variability in co₂ (27 ppm to 1043 ppm) and ch₄ (313 ppb to 4762 ppb) concentrations, with notable spikes linked to potential emission events. statistical analysis was employed to differentiate between natural fluctuations and external emissions. the system demonstrated high reliability in data transmission and sensor accuracy, making it a cost-effective alternative for continuous environmental monitoring. future research will focus on improving sensor precision and expanding monitoring to diverse locations for a more comprehensive understanding of greenhouse gas trends.