Dyes extracted from Trigonella seeds as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

In this paper, the extract of trigonella seeds was used as sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs). the natural dye was extracted from the seeds using water and alcohol as solvents for the raw material. the uv–vis absorption spectra of trigonella extract solution and dye adsorbed on tio2 film were measured. dsscs sensitized by trigonella extracted using water as a solvent exhibited better performance with efficiency of 0.215 %. the performance of the fabricated dsscs was attempted to enhance by acid treatment of the fto substrates with hno3, h3po4, and h2so4. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the fabricated cells was also carried out.