بررسی جامعه‌شناختی ابعاد مدارای اجتماعی با تاکید بر ویژگی‌های شخصیتی (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز)

مدارای اجتماعی را می‏توان به عنوان پایه و اساس دموکراسی و جامعه مدنی در نظر گرفت که بدون وجود آن نظام اجتماعی دچار اختلال خواهد گردید. عوامل مختلفی را می‏توان در نظر گرفت که بر کنش‏های مداراگرانه موثر است که در این میان می‏توان به نقش ویژگی‏های شخصیتی اشاره کرد. بدین منظور مطالعه حاضر درصدد است به پیش بینی ابعاد مدارای اجتماعی بر اساس ویژگی‏های شخصیتی بپردازد. به روش پیمایشی 377 نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران به روش نمونه‏گیری خوشه‏ای چند مرحله‏ای انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که از بین ویژگی‏های شخصیتی، تنها وظیفه‏شناسی نقش تبیین‏کنندگی مدارای اجتماعی را دارد. در مورد تاثیر ویژگی‏های شخصیتی بر ابعاد مدارای اجتماعی، توافق‏پذیری تبیین‏کننده مدارای عقیدتی، وظیفه‏شناسی و توافق‏پذیری تبیین‏کننده مدارای رفتاری، وظیفه‏شناسی، توافق‏پذیری و باز بودن تبیین‏کننده مدارای سیاسی و هم‏چنین ویژگی بازبودن و برون‏گرایی تبیین‏کننده مدارای هویتی هستند.

The Study of Sociological Aspects of Social Tolerance With Emphasis on Personality Traits

IntroductionDifference and diversity, is a phenomenon that has existed since beginning of the human society formation. During of history groups and individuals have always been looking for  this diversity of the various destroy to their interests and goals by different ways such as repression, war, torture and implement a value uniformity in society. But  human life experience shows that this uniformity and homogeneity in all context, preserve its sovereignty only at the short terms and then again the difference and diversity has  appear on society. A Phenomenon that in the contemporary world, more intensify the reaction based on  eliminate then differences, development of communication among people, ethnicities, nationalities, religions and ideas are different because with the expansion of the interaction, person see his identity in disposable of destruction and show violent reaction then  his melting . A thing that makes people to accept differences, is tolerance. Tolerance is the acceptance and put in with individuals and groups who have different value systems and beliefs with us can defined. Tolerance is a responsibility that has affected on create human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The concept of tolerance includes rejection of dogmatic, absolutism and affirms the standards given in international human rights. Tolerance can be as a foundation of democracy and according a thinker like Habermas,it is necessary to communicative action. It seems  the social tolerance, a fundamental difference in the amount and intense face to daily actions. This more than anything else make highlight the role of psychological factors and especially personality traits. Personality traits are such as neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and agreeableness. The ratio between these features and social responses, McCrae and Costa believe that personality traits of openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and extraversion can play a positive role and influence on the experiences and interactions play a particularly tolerant.In contrast The characteristics of the mental health of low neuroticism, anxiety, depression and selfblame, seem to have a better readiness to tolerant behavior with others. Accordingly, this study sought to examine the influence of personality traits on social tolerance. Material amp; Methods The method of this research is survey. Statistical population is undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University have been enrolled in the academic year 13931392. Sampling method, was multistage cluster. University School is eleven of the three faculties of Economics and Social Sciences, Science and Engineering that were selected randomly. The two strands of each of these schools were randomly selected, and then provide a list of classes and then selected classes, the researcher presented a description of questionnaires distributed among students. The population was 12, 769 undergraduates Cochran formula to determine the sample size was 372. To achieve this, a sample size of 390 questionnaires were distributed among the students, but because of the distortion due to the distortion of the 13 questionnaires, were excluded from the analysis, resulting in a sample size of 377 questionnaires, were analyzed. In this study, the dependent variable are distances of social tolerance  and independent variable are personality characteristic. Distances of Social tolerance in this study are classified according to four dimensions tolerance Peter King, political, behavioral and identity is. Reliability through Cronbach's alpha was calculated.For collecting data to measurement of personality traits, used of NEOFFi standard questionnaire  that make by McCrae and Costa to mesurement five personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness and responsibility such a stepwise regression method to study the effect of any of the personality traits of tolerance was used. Discussion of Results amp; Conclusions The results showed that from personality trait, just loyality has the role of explaining of social tolerance. The influences of personality traits on social tolerance distances, explain agreeableness, and agreeableness explaining of behavioral tolerance, loyality and agreeableness and explain openness political tolerance and also openness trait and extraversion features explained the identity  tolerance.