تاثیر اخلاق پولی بر میزان رضایت از زندگی

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی آثار ابعاد اخلاق پولی (شرارت‌آمیزی، بودجه، عدالت، موفقیت و انگیزه) بر میزان رضایتمندی از زندگی انجام شده است. در این مطالعۀ توصیفی-همبستگی مبتنی بر روش معادلات ساختاری، 220 نفر از استادان و کارمندان دانشگاه یزد در سال تحصیلی 98-1397 به شیوۀ نمونه‌‌گیری تصادفی-طبقه‌‌ای متناسب با حجم جامعه انتخاب‌ شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌‌ها از پرسش‌نامه‌‌های اخلاق پولی تانگ و همکاران (1997) و رضایت از زندگی داینر و همکاران (1985) استفاده شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌‌افزارهای آماری spss22 و pls2smart انجام شد. نتایج بررسی نشان دادند بعد انگیزه با نمرۀ بالا پیش‌‌بینی‌‌‌‌کنندۀ تغییرات رضایت از زندگی در دو گروه استاد و کارمند بود؛ به‌‌ عبارتی، افرادی که پول را عامل محرک و انگیزۀ بیشتر برای پیشرفت فردی می‌‌دانستند، از زندگی‌‌شان رضایت بیشتری داشتند. برای کارمندان علاوه بر بعد انگیزه، عدالت و موفقیت، پیش‌‌بینی‌کنندۀ رضایت از زندگی بود؛ به‌‌گونه‌‌ای که بعد موفقیت با نمرۀ بالا موجب رضایت کمتر از زندگی و بعد عدالت با نمرۀ بالا موجب رضایت بیشتر از زندگی بود.

Investigating the Effects of Monetary Ethics on Life Satisfaction

IntroductionToday, research on people’s attitudes towards money and its effects on individual and social life has more been taken into consideration. The concept of attitude towards money evaluates different aspects and multidimensional structures of money meanings and indicates a value people give to money and consider money an important part of their life (Marwah & Anim, 2015). Studying the attitude towards money is important because it requires making decisions about money and financial behaviors (Henchoz et al., 2019). People in daily life always deal with money. Money changes everything; some people adjust their life level, expectations, tastes, preferences, and consumption based on their money. Money as a useful tool in satisfying psychological and environmental needs motivates an individual to change his/her life direction by doing acts actively. Therefore, money can be seen as an efficient stimulus for internal motivations (Bandura et al., 2011). Attitudes in this study are defined as the meanings, feelings, and beliefs that individuals attach to money. Money attitudes are acquired through socialization and are established early in childhood (Tang et al. 2005).  The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dimensions of monetary ethics (budget, evil, equity, success, and motivation) on life satisfaction.  Materials and MethodsThe present research is applied and descriptivecorrelational in terms of purpose and method. The statistical population consisted of all scientific board members and university employees including 815 participants in the 20182019 academic year. Since the population size of professors (54%) and employees (46%) were not identical, 261 were selected based on the Cochran sampling formula using the stratified random sampling method fit to size (in terms of professors and employees). Then, 300 questionnaires were distributed. Among the returned questionnaires, only 220 were usable (125 professors and 95 employees). The questionnaires consisted of two parts of questions: demographic questions and professional questions. To evaluate life satisfaction, the SWLS measure (Diener et al., 1985) was used. To assess attitudes towards money, the Money Ethic Scale (Tang, LunaArocas, & Whiteside, 1997) was used. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS24 and Pls2 statistical software. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The results of the present study showed that the motivation factor with a high score predicts changes in life satisfaction in both groups: in other words, people who are more motivated by money are more satisfied with their lives. The coefficients of the effect of motivation dimension for professors and employees’ life satisfaction were 0.652 and 0.662, respectively. For employees, in addition to the motivation factor, the equity factor (0.173) and the success factor (0.153) were predictors of life satisfaction, so that the success factor with a high score caused less life satisfaction and the justice factor with a high score caused more satisfaction with life.The results of the study for both groups (professors and employees) are compatible with previous results. For example, the results of a study by Tang, LunaArocas, and Whiteside’s (2002) indicate that people who budget their money more and have higher monetary tend to have high selfesteem and more satisfaction with their lives. Baker and Hagedorn’s (2008) study results indicated that people who had lower scores in the power factor and achievement and higher scores in the budgeting factor had more satisfaction with their lives. Jhang’s (2018) study indicated that people who saw money as the power symbol had less satisfaction with their lives while a positive relationship with life satisfaction was found for the motivation factor. Based on previous research, it can be concluded that different understandings of the importance of money and monetary attitudes could have a different effects on life satisfaction.The results of the present study could have implications for researchers and practitioners in the fields of  psychology, human and organizational relationships, and managements. For example, to enhance employee’s motivation and understand factors affecting it, managers have an interest in reducing work costs and increasing the employee’s productivity. The results can also guide employees in providing a basis for making business decisions in organizations and for everyday life in the society. Considering the significance  of the topic and the lack of sufficient research inside the country, it is recommended to do wider studies on this issue. It is also recommended to use financial counselors and trainers to teach applications to help people and families to improve their financial satisfaction. Life satisfaction could lead to improving intelligence, capability, motivation, and increasing productivity.