نقش هنجارهای وظیفه‌گرایانۀ کانت و راهبرد‌‌های اخلاقی در کاهش رفتارهای سیاسی منفی با نقش میانجی ادراکات سیاسی کارکنان از اخلاق مطالعۀ موردی: دانشگاه پیام‌‎نور شهر همدان

رفتارهای غیراخلاقی سبب شکست اخلاقی سازمان می‌شوند و شرایط آشفته‌‌ای را برای سازمان به بار می‌آورند؛ به‌ویژه در سازمان‌های آموزشی که رسالت مهمی در تربیت نیروی انسانی به‌‌منزلۀ سرمایه‌‌های اجتماعی دارند و مولدی برای اقتصاد و تغییرات اجتماعی‌اند. دانشگاه‌‌ها هم قطب اندیشه‌‌های سیاسی و هم محیطی برای آموزش و یادگیری‌اند؛ اما زمانی به اهداف و رسالت‌های خود می‌رسند که کارکنانی وظیفه‌گرا با رفتارهای مناسب و درک درستی از اخلاق و سیاست‌های اخلاقی داشته باشند. براساس این امر، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش هنجارهای وظیفه‌گرایانۀ کانت و راهبرد‌‌های اخلاقی در کاهش رفتارهای سیاسی منفی با نقش میانجی ادراکات سیاسی کارکنان از اخلاق انجام شد. روش پژوهش ازلحاظ هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر گردآوری داده‌‌ها، توصیفی – همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری شامل کارکنان دانشگاه پیام‌نور شهر همدان است. حجم نمونه براساس روش طبقه‌ای نسبی و جدول کرجسی و مورگان 98 نفر انتخاب شد. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسش‌نامۀ وظیفه‌گرانۀ اخلاقی کانت، راهبرد‌‌های اخلاقی، رفتارهای سیاسی منفی و ادراکات سیاسی کارکنان از اخلاق است. صاحب‌نظران مدیریت، روایی پرسش‌نامه را تایید کردند. پایایی ابزارها ازطریق آزمون آلفای کرونباخ به ترتیب 0.89، 0.84، 0.89 و 0.88 محاسبه شد. برای تجزیه ‌و تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش از دو سطح آمار توصیفی و آمار استنباطی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان دادند اخلاق کانت بر کاهش رفتارهای منفی سیاسی 0.22، راهبرد اخلاقی بر کاهش رفتارهای منفی سیاسی 0.25، ادراکات سیاسی کارکنان بر رفتارهای منفی سیاسی 0.25 و اخلاق کانت بر ادراکات سیاسی و راهبرد اخلاقی بر ادراکات سیاسی کارکنان از اخلاق 0.45 اثر دارد.

The Role of Kant’s Deontological Norms and Moral Strategies in Reducing the Negative Political Behavior with the Mediating Role of Employees’ Political Perceptions of Ethics(Case Study: Hamedan Payame Noor University)

Introduction Unethical behaviors lead to ethical failure of the organization in such a way that it creates turbulent conditions for the organization, especially in educational organizations that have an important mission to train human resources as a social capital and a generator of economics and social change. Universities have both the pole of thought and the environment for teaching and learning but can only achieve their goals and missions when they have dedicated staff with appropriate behaviors and an understanding of ethics and ethical policies. With the widespread and prevalent organizational misconduct that results in reduced respect for the constitution and ethical charter, undermining good governance and democracy, diminishing the healthy opportunities of organizations, time and energy are devoted to gaps in the system rather than being spent on achieving goals. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to ethics in the charts of managers and employees. The prevalence and diversity of ethical dilemmas and negative political behaviors in organizations, especially in universities, has spread to many disciplines and has infected all organizations. With the increase in these organizational damages and the diminishing of ethical values ​​in organizations, this research has been a major concern for the researchers. Therefore, the present study aimed to awaken the political and ethical perceptions of organizations with the aim of arising the managers of today’s organizations who each face these problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of Kant’s task norms and ethical strategies in reducing negative political behaviors by mediating the role of employees’ political perceptions of ethics.   Material & Methods  The method was applied in terms of the purpose with the descriptivecorrelational method of data collection. The statistical population included the staff of Payame Noor University of Hamadan, Iran. The sample size was 98 individuals selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table. The research tools were Kant’s Morality Questionnaire, ethical strategies, negative political behaviors, and employees’ political perceptions of ethics. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by management experts. The reliability of the instruments was 0.89, 0.84, 0.89, and 0.88, respectively. Data were analyzed using two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics.   Discussion of Results & Conclusions  The results showed that Kant’s ethics has had an effect on reducing political negative behaviors (0.22), ethical strategy on reducing political negative behaviors (0.25), employees’ political perceptions on negative political behaviors (0.25), Kant’s ethics on political perceptions, and ethical strategy on political perceptions of employees (0.45). Adherence to ethical principles and the strategies of any organization affected all individuals, groups, and organizational dimensions so that all the processes, activities and tasks, and strategies of the organization were morally colored. This can be so effective that it has a positive effect on employee perception and motivation. This can be fruitful in so far as it has the effect of stimulating the positive perception and motivation of employees. This factor leads to environmental, organizational, organizational culture, organizational behavior and human resource management based on ethical norms. In such an environment, organizational health is confronted with immoral behaviors, deviations, and organizational corruption, so it is possible to say that Kant’s ethical vision identifies the duties of the organization according to ethical norms. Ethical strategies can reduce employees’ unethical perceptions and motivate them to perform their duties and tasks. It is suggested that at the time of recruitment, the dimension of personality should be taken into account as individuals’ perceptions and motivations are rooted in their personality and may have different organizational ethics policies that can be addressed through the process of education and socialization. Learning about positive and negative political behaviors in the organization is done through social modeling. Therefore, it is recommended to provide a model and ethical guidance for employees through ethical decisions, ethical behavior, attention to motivation and positive behavior, attention to their needs and interests, and alignment with the organization’s goals.