بررسی رابطۀ بازتولید فرهنگی و طبقۀ اجتماعی با تاکید بر تقدیرگرایی (سرپرستان خانوار شهر اصفهان)

این مطالعه با تاکید بر مفهوم طبقه، انواع سرمایه و بازتولید فرهنگی، رابطۀ میان تقدیرگرایی و طبقۀ اجتماعی (334 نفر از سرپرستان خانوار شهر اصفهان) را با استفاده از روش پیمایش و نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای بررسی کرده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهند رابطۀ معکوس میان طبقۀ اجتماعی و میزان تقدیرگرایی وجود دارد؛ به عبارت دیگر، طبقات پایین‌تر، تقدیرگراتر هستند. نتایج رگرسیون چندمتغیره نیز نشان دادند مولفه‌های سرمایۀ فرهنگی (به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین شاخص طبقۀ اجتماعی) و پس ‌از آن سرمایۀ اقتصادی، بیشترین واریانس مربوط به تغییرات مفهوم تقدیرگرایی را تبیین کرده‌اند. علاوه بر این، نقش سرمایۀ فرهنگی و توزیع نابرابر آن در بین طبقات اجتماعی (بالابودن میانگین آن در طبقات بالا) و تفاوت زیاد نمرات تقدیرگرایی (بالابودن میانگین آن در بین طبقات پایین) در هر دو معنا نشان می‌دهد الگوی تحرک فرهنگیبه‌طور نسبی در طبقۀ متوسط وجود دارد و بیشتر الگوی بازتولید فرهنگی در طبقات اجتماعی حاکم است.

The Study of Relationship Between Cultural Reproduction and Social Class with an Emphasis on Fatalism (The Heads of Households in Isfahan)

Introduction:In general, the recognition and measurement of the social class concept has been considered both in the classical and later sociologist's views. The social class, in its general sense, refers to the diverse and unequal access of people to social advanteges. The current research approach refers to the concept of class, refers to a social milieu that is, “a space of difference, in which the classes are potentially existent, in the form of a point, not as a data, but as what is supposed to be done” (Bourdieu, 1389, 43). The concept of a social class has a close link with cultural reproduction: First of all, in view of from the perspect of this research, social class measurement is associated with three types of economic, social and cultural capital. The main purpouse  of the research is to emphasize cultural capital and its major significance, and its distinction, between social classes and its reproduction.In addition to the concept of cultural capital, fatalism, as a cultural feature, can be reproduced and sustained in a distinct way between certain social classes. Reproduction is also considered in two general ways: First and foremost, the classic and primary concept of reproduction, especially cultural reproduction, is characterized by the high social class of high cultural capital, and the lower classes are expected to have a smaller share in it. The second is the concept of reproduction among the lower social classes, which reproduces the fatalistic attitude as a cultural element and is expected to have a more fatalistic attitude among them. One of the necessities of this research is to provide a basis for emphasizing the component of cultural capital as the main component of social class measurement and the mechanism for its reproduction based on the concept of fatalism. The paper also seeks to answer other questions: Is there a relationship between social class and fatalism, and which of the concepts of cultural reproduction or cultural mobility confirm this relationship? Material and Methods:Survey is one of the major methods among the study of large populations. In this research, the theoretical part was studied by using library and documentary studies and the main part of the research has been done by using the survey method. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the research, which was developed using theoretical studies and foundations. The final sample size was obtained by multistage cluster sampling. After selecting the clusters of urban areas of Isfahan, according to the size of the household and the share allocated to them, the questionnaires were distributed among heads of household.    Discussion of results & Conclusions :The study of the class, the system of stratification and its mechanisms, its survival and its evolution have long been considered by social scientists and many studies have been carried out by  leading thinkers in this field for a long time. In classical sociology, the concept of class began with Marx, and then moved by Max Weber toward a more accurate and applied measure. And finally, the mechanisms for reproduction, and its recognition and measurement as one of the most practical explanations of contemporary, were examined by Bourdieu. In this study, the role of cultural capital as one of the main components of social class measurement in explaining the concept of reproduction has also been very influential. As emphasized by Bourdieu, the component of cultural capital is one of the main components of the social class.  The research results show that cultural capital among low classes is low. Therefore, cultural capital is also the most distinctive element in measuring social classes and can also justify the mechanism of reproduction among classes. The concept of fatalism and its reproduction mechanisms have been studied in this space, using the concept of cultural capital and its relation with fatalism among social classes. Accordingly, the social status of individuals in the social hierarchy can be largely explained by the mental orientation of those class members. Therefore, the belief of fatalism can also be as a cultural element in different classes and be reproduced as a class character among the lower classes. On the other hand, cultural capital is also largely in the hands of high social classes and reproduced in a similar mechanism.As a general conclusion, the distribution of cultural capital among the studied social classes depends largely on the base and family background of individuals. In other words, the existence of the mechanism of reproduction of cultural capital among the upper classes and the reproduction of fatalism among the lower social classes shows that Bourdieu's cultural reproduction model is prioritized by Dimajio's cultural model of culture. It can only be said that the middle class is partially enjoyed with the relative distribution of various types of cultural and economic capital. In other words, the pattern of cultural mobility is relatively existed intermediate among the middle class, but the dominant pattern is the cultural reproduction pattern one in the two extremes of the social class (lower and upper classes).