اثر تغذیه زیستی و پرایمینگ بذر بر رشد و عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های نخود کابلی (cicer arietinum l.)

به‌منظور مطالعه اثر تغذیه زیستی و پرایمینگ بذر بر رشد و عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش نخود کابلی mcc463)، mcc741، ilc8617، ilc72، flip0251c) آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 98–1397 اجرا گردید. عوامل آزمایش شامل تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای به‌عنوان کرت‌های اصلی و ژنوتیپ‌های نخود به‌عنوان کرت‌های فرعی بود. تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای شامل: 1 پرایمینگ بذر همراه با کاربرد باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات و باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم (p+bf) 2 کاربرد باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات و باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم (bf) 3 کاربرد باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات و باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم همراه با محلول‌پاشی اسیدآمینه، پتاسیم و سیلیسیم (bf+f) 4 پرایمینگ بذر همراه با کاربرد باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات و باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم همراه با محلول‌پاشی اسیدآمینه، پتاسیم و سیلیسیم (p+bf+f) و 5 شاهد (بدون تغذیه) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل a در bf در ژنوتیپ mcc463 حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد 3/1 برابر افزایش داشت. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل b در bf+f در ژنوتیپ flip0251 به‌دست آمد. بیشترین شاخص سطح سبز در ژنوتیپ mcc741 در p+bf حاصل گردید. بیشترین زیست‌توده تولیدی در bf+f در ژنوتیپ ilc8617 مشاهده شد که 24 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد بیشتر بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در ژنوتیپ mcc741 در bf با 1590 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد افزایش 2 برابری داشت. به‌طورکلی می‌توان عنوان کرد که استفاده از کودهای زیستی سبب بهبود اغلب صفات گیاه نخود در شرایط مزرعه شد.

Effect of Bio-Nutrition and Seed Priming on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Kaboli Type

Introduction: The excessive use of chemical fertilizers devastates soil fertility and causes different types of environmental pollution. Therefore, using adequate ecofriendly fertilizers in agriculture enhances productivity but has no adverse effect on nature. Recently, there has been reported that beneficial soil microbes produce some volatile organic compounds, which are beneficial to plants. The amendment of these microbes with locally available organic materials and nanoparticles is currently used to formulate biofertilizers for increasing plant productivity. These bacteria are naturally present in soils, but their population decreases for a long time because of longterm environmental stress, improper use of chemical agents, and the absence of a suitable host plant. Adding these bacteria to the soil, before or during the growing season, increases the growth and production of agricultural products. Since available water is the main growth limiting factor in chickpea cultivation, it is useful to improve nutrition, especially using plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria, for accelerating the growth and development of plants at the end of the season.Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of bionutrition and seed priming on growth and yield of chickpea genotypes (MCC463, MCC741, ILC8617, ILC72, FLIP0251C) an experiment was carried in split plots based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in 2019. Experimental factors included nutritional treatments as the main plots and chickpea genotypes as the subplots. Nutritional treatments were 1 seed priming with the use of freeliving nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria (P + BF), 2 freeliving nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria before sowing (BF), 3 seed priming with the application of freeliving nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria with foliar application of amino acid, potassium and silicon during growth stages (P + BF + F), 4 application of freeliving nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria before planting with foliar application of amino acid, potassium and silicon during growth stages (BF + F), and 5 control (without biological and chemical fertilizers). Freeliving nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria were sprayed five liters per hectare on the soil surface before planting with 107 CFU per ml and mixed with soil. Foliar application with amino acid (1:1000) was done in two stages (before flowering and 50% flowering stage), and foliar application with potassium (1:1000) and silicon (1.5:1000) was carried out in the 50% flowering stage.Results and Discussion: Results showed that the highest concentration of chlorophyll a was obtained for BF and MCC463 with an increase of 3.1 times greater than control. The highest concentration of chlorophyll b was obtained for BF + F and FLIP0251. The highest green area index was recorded for MCC741 in P + BF. The highest number of pods per plant in MCC463 and FLIP0251 was observed in BF + F, with 88 and 30% more than the control, respectively. The highest biomass produced was obtained for ILC8617 and BF + F, by 24% higher than the control. ILC72 and MCC463 showed the highest grain yield in P + BF + F treatment, which increased grain yield by 35% and 4% (320 and 50 kg/ha), respectively, with respect to control. MCC741under BF treatment showed a doubled (810 kg/ha) grain yield relative to control. The highest grain yield for P + BF was found in ILC8617 and increased by 28% (340 kg/ha) as compared to control. In this genotype, grain yield in BF + F was also significantly greater than that in the control by 22%, (270 kg/ha). FLIP0251 grain yield in BF increased by 12% (170 kg/ha) as compared with the control.Conclusion: In terms of seed yield, ILC72 and MCC463 were more responsive to P + BF + F and ILC8617 and FLIP0251 in the BF and ILC8617 in P + BF with respect to other treatments. It seems that despite the positive effect of biofertilizer, genetic characteristics of genotypes are influential in plant growth and yield; therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate genotype for each region so as to make the most utilization of the nutrients and achieve high yield.