بررسی تاثیر نظریه‌های مکان‌یابی، سرمایه اجتماعی و انسانی بر تداوم فعالیت شرکت‌های سهامی زراعی (مطالعه موردی شرکت سهامی زراعی خضری قائنات)

با توجه به نقش اثرگذار شرکت‌های سهامی زراعی در تامین معیشت و اشتغال جوامع روستایی، در مطالعه حاضر تاثیر سازه‌های مکان یابی، سرمایه اجتماعی و سرمایه انسانی بر تداوم فعالیت شرکت سهامی زراعی خضری در سال 1398 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه آماری تحقیق شامل 30 نفر از کارکنان و اعضای هیئت مدیره شرکت سهامی زراعی خضری بوده  که به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. در ابتدا با استفاده از اطلاعات حاصل از پرسشنامه به ارزیابی وضعیت سازه‌های اصلی پژوهش در شرکت مذکور پرداخته شد و پس از آن تاثیر هر یک بر تداوم فعالیت شرکت مذکور بررسی گردید. جهت اولویت بندی عوامل موثر نیز از روش شاخص‌سازی بهره گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که سرمایه اجتماعی و سرمایه انسانی در این شرکت از سطح متوسط به بالایی برخوردار است. همچنین سرمایه اجتماعی از نظر پاسخ دهندگان بیشترین تاثیر را بر تداوم فعالیت این شرکت داشته است و پس از آن مکان یابی و سرمایه انسانی در رده‌های بعدی تاثیرگذاری قرار می گیرند. بعد ارتباطی در سرمایه اجتماعی، عوامل زیربنایی در سیستم مکان یابی و توانمندی های غیرشناختی در سرمایه انسانی اثرگذار ترین مولفه‌ها بر تداوم فعالیت شرکت سهامی زراعی خضری شناخته شدند. در این راستا اقداماتی از قبیل آموزش ارتباطات اثربخش و طرح‌ریزی در حوزه  بهبود ارتباطات بین واحدهای سازمانی و ارتباطات بین مدیران و کارکنان، نهادینه کردن چشم اندازها، رسالت و اهداف سازمان، اعمال برنامه مدیریتی مبتنی بر هدف و به کارگیری نظام پیشنهادات در سازمان و سرمایه‌گذاری در آموزش‌های رسمی و سازمان‌یافته پیشنهاد می‌شود.

Investigation of the Impact of Location, Social Capital and Human Capital Theories on the Continuity of Agribusiness Corporations (Case Study: Khezri Agribusiness Corporation in Qaen Township)

Introduction: Almost all rural communities in Iran are exclusively engaged with agriculture, therefore farming remains the largest source of income for them. Agriculture can be a major driver of growth for the Iranian economy. Therefore, increasing factor productivity in the agricultural sector is essential and by growing population rate, the need to invent more productive systems is highlighted. In this regards, smallholder agriculture, which is marked by low productivity should be transformed into agribusiness corporations which could foster the income and productivity of enterprises. Regarding the effective role of agribusiness corporations in enhancing agricultural productivity, and providing livelihoods and employment in rural communities, this study aimed at investigating the impact of location decision, social and human capital factors on the longevity of an agribusiness corporation called Khezri Agribusiness Corporation located in Khezri Township from Sothern Khorasan province. The reason for choosing Khezri Corporation as the case study was that according to surveys, this corporation has been one of the most successful agricultural associations for many years and has been able to create job opportunities to stop migration towards big cities. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to expendably investigate the factors affecting the continuity of an agribusiness corporation in Iran.Materials and Methods: In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a wellstructured questionnaire has been designed according to the literature review and using the opinions of university professors and experts of Khezri Agricultural Corporation. In this study, location factors, social capital and human capital are three main structures that are assessed by providing the information extracted from the questionnaire, and then, the impact of each structure on the continuity of the corporation’s activity has been investigated based on indexing method. Each of the structures consists of different dimensions, and each dimension is measured by a number of items or questions using a Likert spectrum. Simple random sampling procedure was used to obtain the size of sample. At the end, the sample size was estimated at 45. Applying a systematic random sampling technique, the respondents were selected and the final questionnaire was distributed among them. At the primary analysis, 15 questionnaires were excluded from the analysis due to the large size of missing information. A total of 30 questionnaires were selected for further analysis. It is worth noting that in most cases, the questionnaires were tried to be completed in the form of interviews to increase the accuracy of the work.Results and Discussion: Study findings suggest that location, social and human capital factors are at a high level of importance in the studied corporation. From the viewpoint of respondents, social capital had the greatest impact on the longevity of the corporation, followed by location and human capital. Furthermore, the communication dimension in social capital, the infrastructure factors in the location decision and the noncognitive abilities in the human capital have been identified as the most influential components on the longevity of Khezri Agricultural Company’s activities. Among the infrastructural factors, the criterion of &existence of basic resources& such as water wells, aqueducts, qanats, underground aquifers, etc. is the most effective criterion. According to 93.3% of respondents, this factor has a moderate to high impact on the corporation’s location.Conclusion: We recommend effective communication and planning in improvement of communication between organizational units and communication between managers and employees needs to be strengthened. Internalization of the organization’s vision, mission, and goals, implementing a goalbased management plan, and applying the suggestion system in the organization and investing in formal and organized training are recommended as well to sustain the agribusiness corporations. It must be noted that given that the findings of this study are largely in line with the research background, its recommendations are expected to be applicable to the other agricultural business corporations in Iran. In addition, as we formerly discussed in the introduction of this paper,despite the benefits of agricultural corporations, few of these companies are currently active in the country. Therefore, analysis of factors affecting farmers’ decision to be involved in establishing agribusiness corporations should be the subject of future research.