الگوی ساختاری– تفسیری عوامل موثر بر توسعه پایدار تعاونی های تولیدی کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی: استان آذربایجان شرقی)

تعاونی‌های کشاورزی اهرمی مناسب برای توسعه‌ اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ابزاری برای گردآوری نیروها و منابع توسعه به شمار می‌آیند. در این راستا هدف کلی پژوهش حاضر تدوین مدلی ساختاری– تفسیری جهت تحلیل عوامل موثر بر توسعه پایدار تعاونی های تولیدی کشاورزی است. بدین منظور جامعه آماری تحقیق مدیران، کارشناسان و خبرگان مربوط به امور تعاونی های تولیدی کشاورزی و مدیران عامل شرکت های تعاونی بوده و برای تعیین حجم نمونه از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند استفاده‌شده است. همچنین پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ (0/971) و روایی آن با اخذ دیدگاه های کارشناسان و خبرگان تائید گردید. در نهایت جهت تحلیل یافته های تحقیق و ارائه الگوی توسعه پایدار تعاونی های تولیدی کشاورزی نیز از رویکرد معادلات تفسیری (ism) استفاده‌شده است. بر اساس یافته های حاصل از تحلیل اطلاعات و شناسایی عوامل موثر در توسعه تعاونی ها (عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی– فرهنگی، زیست محیطی، حقوقی، آموزشی، مدیریتی، بازاریابی، زیرساختی– نهادی، شخصیتی– فردی و خوشه‌بندی)، متغیرها در 5 سطح مختلف طبقه بندی شدند و با توجه به روابط، گراف ism ترسیم شد. پس از تحلیل micmac متغیرها در سه گروه متغیرهای نفوذی، خودمختار و وابسته قرار گرفتند. از آنجایی که با توجه به نتایج، عوامل اقتصادی، زیرساختی – نهادی و زیست محیطی از اساسی ترین و زیربنایی ترین عوامل در توسعه پایدار تعاونی های تولیدی کشاورزی در استان آذربایجان شرقی می باشند، لذا پیشنهاد می شود اقدامات راهبردی لازم برای بهبود وضعیت موجود عوامل انجام گردد. دولت نیز باید با نقش نظارتی و برنامه ریزی، شرایط و امکانات لازم را در این راستا فراهم نماید. همچنین تعیین روابط بین متغیرها و درجه نفوذ و وابستگی آنها می تواند به درک بهتر موضوع و اتخاذ تصمیمات مناسب برای مدیران و سیاستگذاران منجر گردد.

Structuralinterpretative Patterns of Factors Affecting the Sustainable Development of Agricultural Production Cooperatives (Case Study: East Azerbaijan Province)

Introduction: cooperatives play a pivot role in creating sustained society. The objective of cooperative movement in developing countries is not only to renew old economical methods, but also to create fair economic and social conditions. For example, in the agriculture sector of most of these countries, small and even moderate agricultural units do not have acceptable productivity and efficiency and are not able to have production with reasonable prices. Therefore, one of the most effective ways for reaching to a successful agriculture development pattern and finally realizing the largescale objectives of development is to organize people in groups known as “agricultural production cooperatives (APCs)”. Hereby, economic growth, production increase and fair distribution of incomes can be achieved by practical cooperation of rural population in various civil and social activities. Indeed, these cooperatives pave the way for boosting the production and fair distribution of interests by providing a favorable ground for institutionalizing the cooperation of rural population. All the cooperatives do not act in the same way even if they are located in the same country and are governed by the same laws. Studies showed that successful Iranian cooperatives have longer organizational history and more members, grant greater credits and inputs to their individual members, earn greater income, get more benefits, and incorporate more small scale farmers.;Materials and Methods: in this study, Questionnaire has been used for information collection. The questionnaire is validated after some revisions following consulting with professionals and experts. The reliability of the questionnaire is confirmed by Cronbach 's Alpha (α = 0.971) and its validity is confirmed by professional and experts view. Finally, an interpretative equation (ISM) is used to analyze the results of the findings and presenting a sustainable development model for agricultural production cooperatives. ISM is an interactive learning process. In this technique, a set of different directly and indirectly related elements are structured into a comprehensive systematic model. The so formed model portrays the structure of a complex issue or problem in a carefully designed pattern implying graphics as well as words. In other words, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is a wellestablished methodology for identifying relationships among specific items, which define a problem or an issue8. For any complex problem under consideration, a number of factors may be related to an issue or problem. However, the direct and indirect relationships between the factors describe the situation far more accurate than the individual factor taken into isolation. Therefore, ISM develops insights into collective understandings of these relationships.;Results and Discussion: Based on the findings and factors affecting development of cooperatives (economic, socialcultural, environmental, legal, educational, managerial, marketing, infrastructure, individual and cluster characteristics), variables are classified in 5 different levels and according to relationships, the ISM chart is drawn. After analyzing the MICMAC, the variables are divided into three groups: intrusive, independent and dependent variables. Since the definition of relationships between variables and types of variables can lead to better understanding of the subject and appropriate decision, it is recommended to managers of agricultural production cooperatives to pay attention to each component in order to create sustainable cooperatives.;Conclusion: Based on the findings from theoretical literature and interviews with managers and experts of cooperatives, components that affect sustainable development of agricultural production cooperatives are identified. Then, by using expert opinion and structuralinterpretation equation approach, 10 components as the main objectives for sustainable development of agricultural production cooperatives are selected. The results of the analysis show that economic, socialcultural, environmental, legal, educational, managerial, marketing, institutionalinfrastructural, personalityindividual and clustering factors are effective on sustainable development of agricultural cooperatives. Also, it is important to specify the exact relationship between variables and their ranking in order to provide a model for sustainable development of agricultural production cooperatives. In this regard, structuralinterpretive equations have been used. The results show that economic, sociocultural, environmental and infrastructureinstitutional factors are classified as intrusive variables. Legal factors and clustering cooperatives are classified as independent variables. Finally, marketing, educational, managerial, and individual factors are classified as dependent variables. According to the results, economic, institutional infrastructural, and environmental factors are among most basic factors in the sustainable development of agricultural production cooperatives in East Azerbaijan province. Therefore, it is suggested that strategic action be taken to improve the status quo.;