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   بررسی تاثیر تغییرات اقلیمی بر تولیدات کل زراعی در نواحی ده گانه زراعی– اکولوژیکی ایران  
   
نویسنده بارانی نادر ,کرمی آیت اله
منبع اقتصاد و توسعه كشاورزي - 1398 - دوره : 33 - شماره : 1 - صفحه:95 -107
چکیده    اقلیم، آمیخته ای از ویژگی های چیره شده و ماندگار جوی یک گستره ی جغرافیایی در گذر زمان است و در پی تغییر آن، چگونگی زندگی انسان ها نیز تغییر می کند و منجر به آسیب به بخش های مختلف مانند کشاورزی و محیط زیست می شود. هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر، بررسی تاثیر تغییرات اقلیمی بر تولیدات کل زراعی در نواحی ده گانه زراعی – اکولوژیکی ایران است. مطالعه حاضر تاثیر بارش، دما، تبخیر و تعرق، رطوبت نسبی و سرعت باد بر تولیدات کل زراعی در طی سال های 1364 تا 1394 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. داده های خام اولیه برای انجام این مطالعه از طریق سازمان هواشناسی و وزارت جهاد کشاورزی کشور گردآوری و مرتب گردید. پس از بررسی ایستایی، داده ها در قالب داده پانل با اثرات تصادفی برآورد شدند. نتایج نشان داد متغیرهای دما، میزان تبخیر و تعرق و سرعت باد در سطح 5 درصد و متغیر بارش در سطح ده درصد بر تولیدات کل زراعی اثرگذار بوده اند. دما اثر منفی بر تولیدات زراعی داشته است به نحوی که با افزایش دما، تولیدات زراعی به میزان 01/1 میلیون تن کاهش می یابد. متغیر بارش بر تولیدات زراعی اثر مثبت دارد و با افزایش بارندگی، تولیدات زراعی به اندازه ی 025/0 میلیون تن افزایش خواهد یافت. متغیرهای تبخیر و تعرق و سرعت باد اثر منفی بر تولیدات زراعی داشته است به نحوی که با افزایش تبخیر و تعرق و سرعت باد، تولیدات زراعی به ترتیب به میزان 08/0 و 02/1 میلیون تن کاهش پیدا می کنند.
کلیدواژه بخش کشاورزی، تغییر اقلیم، تولیدات زراعی، داده های ترکیبی
آدرس دانشگاه یاسوج, گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی, ایران, دانشگاه یاسوج, گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی, ایران
پست الکترونیکی ayatkarami@yu.ac.ir
 
   The Impacts of Climate Change on Total Agronomical Production in Tenfold Agroecological Zones of Iran  
   
Authors karami a
Abstract    Introduction: Due to fossil fuels overuse, land use change, global population growth and the development of industrial activity to meet the welfare and demands of the global community, global climate has undergone gradual, but drastic, changes in the postindustrial revolution era mainly manifested in the rise of mean temperature, more frequent extreme climatic events like floods, hails, tropical storms, heat and cold waves, rising sea level, polar ice melting, droughts and etc. Climate change is a mix of dominant and lasting atmospheric characteristics of a geographic area over time and is often based on such variables as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, solar radiation, and number of sunny days, sea level temperature, and the thickness of ice layers at sea. Climate of a region is dedictated by a set of these factors in the long run, as well as other local characteristics such as the length of growing season and the intensity of floods whose change influences how people live and harm different sectors including agriculture and environment. Present study aimed to explore the impact of climate change on total agronomical production in 10 agroecological zones of Iran.;Materials and Methods: Present study employed panel data econometrics to explore the impact of climate change (mean precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration rate, relative humidity, wind speed) on total agronomical production over the 19852015 periods. The panel data set included the observations related to multiple sectors and have been collected at different times. Panel data has been used when it is impossible to use just time series data or crosssectional data. They contain more information in addition they are more diverse and have less multicollinearity between variables, so they are more efficient. In analysis of the combined data firstly should consider a certain section (e.g. country, region or province) and then focus on the attributes of the variables related to all N sections over a certain period, T. The number of data is not required to be equal over the sections (unbalanced panel model) and it is also possible to have variables that are constant in a certain section over the studied time period. In a panel data model, the variables are measured sequentially both among the sections of the statistical population and over time. In panel data, before proceeding to model estimation, we should firstly recognize whether panel or pool model is appropriate for the estimation and statistical inference. To do this, we first integrate whole data as pool to estimate the model and calculate the sum of residual squares. Then, the model is estimated as a panel model with different yintercepts for a certain section and the residual squares are again summed. Finally, Fstatistic is applied as the following equation to test the constructed model. The data were collected from Iran Meteorological Organization and Ministry of Jihade Agriculture. After checking the stationarity of the data, panel model with random effects has been estimated.;Results and Discussion: The results showed that total agronomical production has been influenced by temperature, evapotranspiration, and wind speed at 0.05 level and precipitation at 0.10 level. The impacts of global warming can be currently observed across the world. Agricultural sector is especially vulnerable to climate change so the rise in average seasonal temperature would shorten the growth period of most crops, causing the loss of their yields. Climate changes, such as the change in temperature, precipitation, pest and disease outbreaks adversely influence food production systems, decrease harvest and jeopardize food security. As predicted for Iran, it is expected that occurrence of climate change – which is characterized by rainfall decline, rise in temperature, and increase in the occurrence of extreme weather conditions – have harmful consequences for the agronomical production.;Conclusion: Climate change imposes remarkable economic costs on agronomical producers. The producers may have to either stop growing these crops or adapt to climate change as far as possible. In most cases, it is not economically feasible for producers to apply adaptive methods and the majority of their life aspects are potentially influenced. According to the results, it is recommended to use water pricing policies in agricultural sector that motivate farmers to use modern irrigation technologies and low irrigationresistant cultivars, alter planting pattern towards crops with higher water use efficiency, therefore plan for and grant financial facilities, such as crop insurance, in order to prepare agronomical farmers for climate change.  
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