مولفه‏ های اثرگذار مدیریت ریسک تولید بر پذیرش بیمه محصولات کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی: کشاورزان ذرت‏کار دشت مغان)

بیمه کشاورزی، یکی از مهم‏ترین راهکارهای مدیریتی برای غلبه بر خطرات کشاورزی، تغییرات آب و هوا و دیگر خطرات طبیعی اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. لذا هدف تحقیق، بررسی مولفه‏های اثرگذار مدیریت ریسک تولید بر پذیرش بیمه محصولات کشاورزی، میان کشاورزان ذرت‏کار دشت مغان در استان اردبیل بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه کشاورزان ذرت‏کار   به تعداد 915 نفر بوده که حجم نمونه به کمک روش نمونه‌گیری چندمرحله‏ای، توسط فرمول یمان (yamane) به تعداد 278 نفر تعیین گردید. ضریب ریسک‏گریزی با استفاده از مدل قاعده اول اطمینان (sfr) محاسبه و پس از دسته‏بندی کشاورزان ذرت‏کار بر اساس پذیرنده و نپذیرنده بیمه، توسط رگرسیون لجستیک مولفه‏های اثرگذار مدیریت ریسک بر پذیرش بیمه تعیین شد. مطابق یافته‏ها، اغلب کشاورزان ذرت‏کار (65.10 درصد) ریسک‌گریز می‏باشند. همچنین کشاورزان ذرت‏کار پذیرنده بیمه، بطور معنی‏داری دارای درجه ریسک‏گریزی کمتری نسبت به کشاورزان ذرت‏کار نپذیرنده بیمه هستند. نتایج رگرسیون لجستیک دوگانه نشان داد که از میان انواع مولفه‏ها، مولفه‏های مدیریت ریسک کاشت (0.382=wald)، مدیریت ریسک اقتصاد و بازاریابی (0.492=wald)، مدیریت ریسک زیربنایی زراعی و فنی (0.617=wald) و مدیریت تسهیم ریسک (0.447=wald) تاثیر مثبت و معنی‏داری بر پذیرش بیمه محصولات کشاورزی داشت. همچنین تاثیر متغیرهای سن، سطح تحصیلات و تعداد ریسک‌های کشاورزی نیز در تمایز دو گروه پاسخ‏گویان، معنی‏دار بود.

Components Affecting Production Risk Management on Agricultural Crops Insurance Adoption (Case Study: Maize Farmers of Moghan Plain)

<strong >Introduction: </strong >Moghan plain (Ardabil province) always has been considered as one of the important pillars of agriculture in Iran. However due to the new climatic changes, increasing occurrence of phenomena such as drought and reduction of water resources, and spread of pests and weeds, farmers facing with the phenomenon of risk as a major challenge in the region. Farmers will be obliged to make decisions about allocating resources to their agricultural productions which facing environmental conditions and different biotic and abiotic risks, as ambient conditions, the status of inputs and outputs prices and their agronomic performance, are not stable enough. Finally, these conditions influence farmers ' agronomic decisions which under such circumstances the results of farmers ' decision making are different from the results in safer conditions. There are also different values of inputs consumption in risky and safe agricultural conditions and these values also depend on other factors such as variance of the product price, the degree of risk aversion and the marginal share of inputs in production variance as well as outputs and inputs prices and production levels. In this regard, agricultural crop insurance is one of the major management strategies to overcome agricultural risks, weather and other unavoidable natural hazards. Risk management is an appropriate management of operational unit with awareness and understanding of the environment and risky factors. It is actually one of the ways to increase productivity of production factors and to improve the efficiency of farming operation systems through making suitable decisions about controlling risk factors and resources. Therefore, increasing range of production risk and the importance of agricultural crops insurance of maize production in Moghan plain led to investigate and determine the effects of agricultural crops insurance adoption on the components of production risk management among the maize farmers of Moghan plain. ; <strong >Materials and Methods: </strong > This study is an applied one based on descriptivecorrelative method that was designed and implemented in 20162017. Study area was Moghan plain that it located in the northern part of Ardabil province. Sampling method was multistage and applying the Yamane (1967) formula. Data including sample size of 278 maize farmers in 9 villages were collected. The research instrument was a questionnaire including 69 items in three sections (personal and professional characteristics, determining risk aversion coefficient and risk management components). Items of questionnaire were composed of personal and professional characteristics of respondents (18 items), variables determining risk aversion coefficient (19 items) and risk management components (32 items). Risk management components were consisting of planting risk management (5 items), maintenance risk management (5 items), harvest risk management (4 items), Risk management of economics and marketing (5 items), risk management of farm and technical infrastructure (7 items) and the risksharing management (6 items). Items of risk management components with equal weights were collected in the fivepart Likert scale (the range of 1 (very low) to 5 (very much)). ; To calculate the risk aversion coefficient and the risk sentiments in maize farmers ' decisionmaking, we used safety first rule (SFR). For the final analysis of the main purpose of the research was to use the binary logistic regression method in stepbystep approach. ; <strong >Results and Discussion: </strong > According to study results, maize farmers with different risk aversion coefficient, includes four groups as follow: 1: risktaker (15.1% of respondents); 2: riskneutral (19.8% of respondents); 3: low riskaverse (37.4% of respondents) and 4: high riskaverse (27.7% of respondents). There was also a significant difference between the adopter and nonadopter maize farmers of insurance based on the degree of risk aversion. In other words, non adopter maize farmers of insurance had significantly higher risk aversion compared to adopter maize farmers of insurance. Based on the results of logistic regression, from among 17 studied factors in eight steps, only 8 components including education (B = 0.254), average annual agricultural income (B= 0.68), number of agricultural risks (B =0.361) and risksharing management (B=0.447) at 5% level, and risk management variables of economics and marketing (B= 0.492), planting risk management (B = 0.382) and risk management of farm and technical infrastructure (B = 0.617) at 1% level were positive and significant. But for the component of age (B= 0.142) a negative and significant relationship at the 5% level was found. ; The results of calculating the risk aversion coefficient showed that majority of maize farmers were riskaverse (65.1%). Also, the adopter maize farmers of insurance were significantly less risk aversion than nonadopter maize farmers of insurance. Many number of maize farmers in the area are smallholder farmers (mean of farm lands size equals 5.0054 hectares). The smallholder farmers compared to other farmers are very vulnerable facing with the agricultural risks, so this leads to high risk eversion level of maize farmers in the study area compared to other farmers. Also, the adopter maize farmers of insurance were significantly less risk aversion than nonadopter maize farmers of insurance. The results of logistic regression showed that among various types of risk management components, planting risk management (Wald: 0.382), risk management of economics and marketing (Wald: 0.492), risk management of farm and technical infrastructure (Wald: 0.617) and risksharing management (Wald: 0.447) had the positive and significant effects on agricultural crops insurance adoption.