ارزیابی تاثیر‌های معماری بومی بر توسعۀ پایدار روستایی (نمونۀ مورد مطالعه: منطقۀ جنوب غرب استان اصفهان)

روستانشینی شیوه‌ غالب زندگی در‌طول تاریخ و تا دو دهه‌ پیش بوده است. معماری روستایی به ‌شکل اصیل و بومیِ خود یکی از زمینه‌های پایداری نواحی روستایی است که متاسفانه در سال‌های اخیر دچار تحولات عظیمی شده است؛ بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر‌های معماری بومی بر توسعۀ پایدار روستایی است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و به‌لحاظ روش، توصیفی-تحلیلی و مبتنی بر پیمایش است. در این پژوهش اطلاعات لازم از دو روش میدانی و کتابخانه‌ای جمع‌آوری شده است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل دو گروه «مردم روستایی» و «کارشناسان» در‌زمینه‌ مطالعه‌شده است. حجم نمونه‌ اول بر‌اساس فرمول کوکران 354 نفر روستایی و نمونه‌ دوم 30 کارشناس است. تعداد 9 روستا نیز به روش خوشه‌ای- فضایی انتخاب و پرسشنامه بر‌اساس نسبت خانوار به‌صورت تصادفی توزیع و تکمیل شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مهم‌ترین موانع تداوم معماری بومی بر‌اساس دیدگاه «روستاییان» و «متخصصان» به‌ترتیب با 25.60% و 33.34% فراوانی «میل و سوق پیدا‌کردن روستاییان به مدگرایی و شهرگرایی» و مهم‌ترین راهکار در تداوم معماری بومی نیز از‌نظر روستاییان «فرهنگ‌سازی و به‌کارگیری دانش بومی» با 16.5% فراوانی و بر‌اساس نظر کارشناسان «ایجاد امکانات مطلوب در روستاها» با 30 % فراوانی است. دربارۀ تحولات معماری مسکن نیز بیشترین میانگین برای هر دو نمونه (با 3.6 و 3.63) مربوط به شاخص «تغییر معماری روستا به‌سمت شهری‌شدن» است. همچنین، نتایج آزمون تی تک نمونه‌ای نشان داد که میانگین نمونه‌ روستاییان و متخصصان در بُعد ‌محیطی به‌ترتیب 3.72 و 3.98، در بُعد اقتصادی به‌ترتیب 3.50 و 63/ و در بُعد اجتماعی نیز به‌ترتیب 3.70 و 3.87 فراوانی است؛ بنابراین با‌توجه به بیشتر‌بودن حد میانگین 3 نتایج، می‌توان بیان کرد که معماری بومی از‌نظر هر دو گروه تاثیر زیادی بر توسعۀ پایدار روستایی دارد.

investigating the effect of vernacular architecture on sustainable rural development (case study: isfahan southwest area)

rural living has been the most usual way of life all through history until the last two decades. rural architecture, in its pure local sense, is among the sustainable features of rural areas that have undergone noticeable changes recently. therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of vernacular architecture on sustainable rural development. this research is practical and descriptive-analytical based on the survey method. data were collected using both library and field methods. participants were from two groups of residents and experts. thirty experts and 354 residents were surveyed based on the cochran formula. nine villages were selected using the cluster-spatial metod. then, the household proportion questionnaires were distributed. the results indicate that in the sight of both local residents and experts with the frequency of 25.60% and 33.34% most important obstacle to vernacular architecture rural development is residents’ tendency toward modernity. the most crucial solution to this issue according to the local residents is the cultivation and use of local knowledge (with a frequency of 16.5%). however, experts consider creating desirable facilities in villages (with a frequency of 30%) as the most important factor. regarding house architecture changes, the highest average for both groups (3.6 and 3.63) is related to the architecture change toward modernization. results of the one-sample t-test revealed that, regarding environmental aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.27 and the experts’ average was 3.98. regarding economic aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.50 and the experts’ average was 3.63; regarding social aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.70 and the experts’ average was 3.83. thus, this research suggests that rural architecture strongly affects sustainable rural development. regarding environmental aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.27 and the experts’ average was 3.98. with respect to economic aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.50 and the experts’ average was 3.63. considering social aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.70 and the experts’ average was 3.83. therefore, considering that the results are above the average (3), it can be said that native architecture has a great impact on sustainable rural development from the point of view of both groups.keywords: village, vernacular architecture, sustainable rural development, isfahan. introductionvillages have been the first permanent residences on the earth and living there has been the most usual way of life all through history until the last two decades. villages have the fundamental role of supplying the world’s ingredients. they are places where raw materials for food industries and export markets are provided. despite economic deficiencies, villages are still one of the most stable economic sections in a variety of countries. but their structure and architecture of them are the most neglected. that is why this research is done to investigate the obstacles and solutions for maintaining vernacular rural architecture as well as the effect of this architecture on sustainable rural development regarding various facets. materials and methodsthis research is practical and descriptive-analytical based on the survey. the data were collected using both library and field methods. participants were from two groups of residents (394 people) and experts (30 experts). nine villages were selected using the cluster sampling method. then, the household proportion questionnaires were distributed. using library sources and available documents, the issue was investigated historically based on theories. among the field methods, observation and questionnaires were used the most.