بررسی و تحلیل شاخص‌های حکمروایی شهری در کلان‌شهر تهران با استفاده از روش دیمتل فازی

شهر یک منبع توسعه است و مدیریت شهری در روند توسعۀ شهری نقشی بسیار مهم و تعیین‌کننده دارد. یکی از موفق‌ترین الگوها در زمینۀ مدیریت شهری، الگوی حکمروایی شهری است. این الگو یک سیستم مدیریت به‌شکل مشارکتی است که در آن، سه نهاد جامعۀ مدنی، بخش خصوصی و دولت در تمامی تصمیم‌گیری‌های مرتبط مشارکت می‌کنند. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر نحوۀ گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی است. در این پژوهش، از روش دیمتل فازی، و برای گردآوری داده‌ها، از نظر خبرگان و نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و روش گلوله‌برفی (اشباع نظری) استفاده شد. براساس یافته‌ها، شاخص مسئولیت‌پذیری بیشترین میزان اثرگذاری را بر دیگر شاخص‌ها، و شاخص پاسخگویی بیشترین میزان اثرپذیری را از دیگر شاخص‌ها دارد. پس از پاسخگویی و مسئولیت‌پذیری، با فاصله‌ای بسیار نزدیک، شاخص اثربخشی و کارایی مهم‌ترین شاخص‌ حکمروایی شهری است. براساس داده‌های ستون d-r، شاخص حاکمیت قانون از دیگر پیشایندها در سامانۀ روابط علی و معلولی شاخص‌های حکمرانی خوب شهری است. درمقابل، سایر عوامل برآیندی اثرگذار دارند که در صدر آنها، شاخص تخصص قرار دارد. حکمروایی شهری می‌تواند به کیفیت بهتر مکان‌های شهری و همچنین اعتماد بیشتر شهروندان به نهادهای مدیریت شهری منجر شود. این‌گونه برداشت می‌شود که شاخص‌های پاسخگویی و مسئولیت‌پذیری ارتباط تنگاتنگی با هم دارند و بنیادی‌ترین عوامل در سامانة شاخص‌های حکمروایی خوب محسوب می‌شوند و ایجاد تغییرات سازنده در آنها به تغییراتی جدی‌تر و اثرگذارتر در بهبود حکمروایی شهری می‌انجامد.

a survey and analysis of urban governance indicators in tehran metropolis

abstract:the city is considered a source of development, and the position of urban management plays a very important and decisive role in the process of urban development. one of the most successful models in the field of urban management is the model of urban governance, which is actually a management system in a participatory form, which consists of three institutions. civil society, the private sector, and the government participate in all relevant decision-making. this research is descriptive in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of data collection. to collect data, according to experts, targeted sampling and snowball methods were used. based on the findings, the accountability index has the highest impact on other indicators and the accountability index has the highest impact on other indicators. after accountability and responsibility and at a very close distance, the factors of effectiveness and efficiency are important for urban governance indicators. based on the data of the d-r column, the rule of law index is one of the other antecedents in cause and effect relationships. on the other hand, other factors have an effective outcome, among which the specialization index is at the top. in this way, it can be concluded that accountability and responsibility indicators are closely related and are considered the most fundamental factor in the system of good governance indicators, and making constructive changes in it can lead to more serious and effective changes in improving urban governance.keywords: urban governance, urban management, fuzzy dimtel, tehran metropolis  introduction:sustainable development is a powerful tool for policymakers, city managers, and relevant executive organizations. it has great impacts on different areas, such as improving environmental, economic, social, and technological conditions of citizens’ lives. however, according to the results of some research and researchers’ observations, it can be acknowledged that sustainable urban development in a metropolis like tehran still faces various challenges. one of the effective ways to overcome these challenges is paying attention to the concept of urban governance. this trend has led governments towards pursuing decentralization policy and transferring part of their powers and responsibilities to local institutions in order to gain their lost legitimacy. nevertheless, many of them are still in unfavorable social, legal, economic, and political conditions as a result of poor urbanization. the optimal urban governance system is based on 7 principles: transparency, justice, accountability, efficiency, fairness, participation, and ownership. correct urban management based on correct methods has been always a serious challenge for urban experts and discussed over time. each city experiences special issues that are specific to that city and its surroundings. therefore, creating a single pattern is not an acceptable version. in its social, cultural, economic, physical, and environmental dimensions and components, sustainable urban development faces many issues and challenges that require planning and training for increasing public awareness and active participation in solving its problems. good urban governance is an important principle in urban management, which has unfortunately faced many obstacles in our country.methodology:this study was an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method, which was based on the causal method. the aim of this research was to identify the indicators of urban governance in the metropolis of tehran by using fuzzy dimtel method and doing network analysis of cause-and-effect relationships between those indicators. the statistical population included academic experts and professors. management and experimentation of tehran metropolis in the field of urban governance were analyzed through non-probability and snowball sampling methods. to collect the research data, the views of a number of the experts were used. in the present study, the sample size was completed by using the purposive sampling method. to this end, a questionnaire was completed by 30 university academic members, managers, and experimenters in the field of urban governance in tehran metropolis. then, based on the identified factors, the experts were provided with a closed-ended questionnaire containing the mentioned factors and asked to give their opinions on the effects of those factors in each line, while taking into account the time horizon and expressing each column based on a range of 5 ineffective to very effective options. discussion:this discussion is consistent with the research results of mojtabazadeh khaneghahi et al. (1400), di elvira et al. (2013), hilayi (2015), virtodos (2016), and jerd and sail (2018). many experts in the metropolitan area believed that the emergence of challenges like political division meant the existence of multiple administrative and governmental domains, such as municipalities, governorates, settlements, etc., due to the expansion of urbanization process without any coordinating frameworks. it was necessary to adopt a unified view that was appropriate to the socio-political and cultural conditions of the day in the society so as to manage this challenge and meet public expectations and demands in this area. however, in the last decade of the 20th century and beginning of the 3rd millennium ad, the decline in the credibility and legitimacy of governments, as well as increasing complex global competitions and citizens’ demands, showed that the new paradigm of governance was incapable of dealing with the crises. this ship could be controlled and led the way home in the turbulent storms only in the light of the paradigm of good governance. the world bank and the imf see good governance in promoting transparency, accountability, efficiency, fairness, participation, and ownership. they focus more on transparency, while emphasizing that governments need to have reliable, comprehensive, timely, and understandable access and provide people with comparable information about activities of governments on a global scale. elsewhere, they discuss the various aspects of good governance in the forms of reconsidering the rule of law, improving efficiency and accountability of the private sector, and combating corruption. they consider them a necessary condition for the country’s lasting prosperity. conclusion:based on the data in column d in table 6, it was found that the accountability index had the greatest impact on the other indicators of good urban governance.