پتانسیل‌یابی منابع آب زیرزمینی برپایه‌ سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (gis) و سنجش از دور (rs) با استفاده از فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌ای (anp) نمونه‌ پژوهش: دشت ناز ساری

شناسایی منابع آب زیرزمینی و تلاش برای حفظ منابع آبی، یکی از اهداف بزرگ کشورهایی است که با مشکل کم‌آبی مواجه هستند. آب‌های زیرزمینی طی دهه‌های اخیر به دلیل برداشت بیش از تغذیه کاهش یافته‌اند.‌ مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی با اکتشاف و بهره‌برداری متناسب با پتانسیل آبخوان، یکی از مهم‌ترین راهبردها در این زمینه است. در این پژوهش به‌منظور پهنه‌بندی پتانسیل آب زیرزمینی دشت ناز ساری، از عوامل موثر بر نفوذپذیری خاک و تغذیه‌ سفره‌های آب زیرزمینی شامل لایه‌های زمین‌شناسی، پوشش گیاهی، شیب، جهت شیب، بارش، دما، ارتفاع، فاصله از گسل، تراکم گسل، فاصله از آبراهه و تراکم آبراهه و فاصله از جاده استفاده شد. به این منظور نخست لایه‌های اطلاعاتی مورد نیاز در محیط نرم‌افزار arcmap 10.3 به‌صورت لایه‌ رستری تهیه شد؛ سپس هریک از عوامل در بردار وزن به‌دست‌آمده از روش anp ضرب و نقشه‌ پتانسیل‌یابی منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقه از راه حاصل‌جمع لایه‌های نهایی عوامل اقلیمی، هیدرولوژی، زمین‌شناسی، توپولوژی و زیست‌محیطی تهیه شد. به‌منظور اعتبارسنجی نقشه‌ نهایی، منحنی roc به کار رفت.نتایج نشان داد 995.35 کیلومترمربع از مساحت منطقه پتانسیل زیاد و بسیار زیاد، 2549.76 کیلومترمربع پتانسیل کم و بسیار کم و 642.17 کیلومترمربع پتانسیل متوسط درزمینه‌ منابع آب زیرزمینی دارند؛ همچنین نتیجه‌ 87درصدی منحنی roc بیان‌کننده‌ دقت زیاد این روش در تهیه‌ نقشه‌ پتانسیل آب زیرزمینی در محدوده‌ مطالعاتی است. براساس روش anp نیز، عوامل زمین‌شناسی و ارتفاع منطقه بیشترین تاثیر را بر پتانسیل‌یابی منابع آب زیرزمینی در منطقه‌ بررسی‌شده دارند. بر این مبنا بررسی پتانسیل سفره‌های آب زیرزمینی و بهره‌برداری بهینه و متناسب با توان آبخوان برای مدیریت پایدار این منابع ضروری است

Groundwater Resources Potential Based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Using Analytic Network Process (ANP)(Case Study: Naz Sari Plain)

1. IntroductionGroundwater resources are considered as one of the most important sources of freshwater in the world, which provides an important part of the needs of industry, agriculture, and drinking. Due to the location of Iran in the semiarid and arid climate of the world, studies on the conservation of water resources are becoming increasingly clear. It is necessary to plan and manage the optimal water resources (surface and subsurface) of their study and exploration, which is possible through academic research. The zoning of underground water potential has become an important issue in the world today, with a lot of research being done on this issue. This issue is now facilitated by the use of new technologies of geographic information systems and remote sensing by combining decisionmaking models. The purpose of this research is to integrate GIS and remote sensing with decisionmaking models in order to map the potential of groundwater resources in one of the country’s most important plains. Such research is necessary in view of the farming industry, gardens, and industrial use of groundwater in the area. 2. MethodologyIn order to provide the potential groundwater resources map, 13 factors influencing water permeability in the soil and its storage were considered including geological layers, vegetation, slope, slope direction, rainfall, temperature, elevation, distance from the fault, fault density, distance from the waterways and the congestion, and the distance from the road. These layers were prepared in ArcGIS and Envi software. Then, based on the ANP method, each of the factors was multiplied by its weight vector, and finally, by combining the layers, a groundwater potential mapping map was obtained for the area. In order to assess the accuracy and validation of the final map, the statistics of fountains, qanats, and wells in the area, as well as the ROC curve method, were used. 3. DiscussionThe groundwater potential mapping potential in the study area was obtained based on the combination of GIS, remote sensing technology, and network analysis methodology, which indicates that about 955.35 sq. Km of the potential area is 2549.76 square kilometers of potentials and very small and 642.16 square kilometers have a moderate potential. High potential areas are more consistent with low altitudes due to lower slopes, alluvial terraces, conifers, and plain areas, where more surface water penetration is possible. Areas with low and very low potentials, which are very steep. Also, according to the ROC curve, the 87 percent result of this curve also indicates the high accuracy of the Antenna Process Analysis (ANP) method for the preparation of groundwater potential maps in the study area. 4. ConclusionApplication of ANP model in water resources planning in catchment areas, considering flexibility, taking into account feedback and relation between criteria, using quantitative and qualitative criteria simultaneously and the ability to review compatibility in judgments in order to study the issues related to the planning of catchment areas is a suitable method. The present research is consistent with the results of studies such as Rahman Moghadam et al. (2016), Faraji Solebar et al. (2011), and Itishiri et al. (2013). They suggested the method of analytical network process (ANP) as a suitable method for the potential of groundwater resources. The results of this study also confirm the results of these investigators.