تحلیل فضایی عوامل موثر بر گردشگری روستایی اجتماع‌محور مطالعه موردی: مناطق روستایی استان گیلان

گردشگری اجتماع‌محور متضمن سطح بالای مشارکت جوامع تحت لوای پایداری در فرایند توسعه و برنامه‌ریزی گردشگری است. درواقع این نوع گردشگری پایداری اجتماعی را برای جامعه بومی به همراه دارد چراکه فعالیت‌های گردشگری در بیشتر قسمت‌ها توسط اعضای جامعه محلی توسعه و کنترل می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش تحلیل فضایی وضعیت گردشگری اجتماع‌محور در مناطق روستایی استان گیلان است. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و ازنظر رویکرد توصیفی تحلیلی است که با نمونه‌ای با حجم 770 نفر از میان افراد روستایی در استان گیلان انجام‌شده است. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل شاخص‌های موردنظر و برای پهنه‌بندی شرایط برقراری گردشگری اجتماع‌محور از روش میان‌یابی به تکنیک کریجینگ (kriging) و هات‌اسپات و رگرسیون استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که بر اساس مدل رگرسیون کلیه شاخص‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی فرهنگی، زیست‌محیطی و مدیریتی به‌عنوان متغیرهای پیش‌بین در سطح مدل معنی‌دار هستند. پس‌ازآن به بررسی توزیع فضایی در سطح شهرستان‌های استان گیلان صورت گرفت. توزیع فضایی به‌صورت کریجینگ، وضعیت گردشگری اجتماع‌محور نشانگر توزیع نتایج به‌صورت غربی شرقی است. درواقع سمت غرب استان گیلان که شامل شهرستان‌های تالش، رضوانشهر، است وضعیت بهتری حکم‌فرماست از طرفی نیز شهرستان انزلی در مرکز و همین‌طور، لنگرود، رودسر و رودبار ازلحاظ وضعیت گردشگری اجتماع‌محور در شرایط نسبتاً مطلوبی هستند. درواقع وضعیت توزیع جهت غربیشرقی دارد. در متد هات‌اسپات نیز وضعیت در شهرستان تالش که در غرب واقع‌شده سپس بندر انزلی به نسبت سایر شهرستان‌ها بهتر است.

Spatial analysis of community-based tourism status Case study: rural areas of Guilan province

Extended AbstractIntroduction                                                                       Rural tourism is one of the types of tourism that is related to many other patterns of tourism, but its special feature is the establishment in rural areas. The preservation of rural areas in order to exploit geographical spaces in the process of national development depends on diversification and the spread of new forms of activities along with agricultural activities and the adoption of effective strategies for rural development. Rural tourism has two important aspects, one as a global activity and the other in terms of changing it in regional development policies and local tourism as a powerful tool, an undeniable role in shaping and shaping the environment. It surrounds and can direct the flow of work and social, economic, cultural and economic activities, and in the meantime, with rational planning and management, bring huge profits to cities and governments. Communitybased tourism is used as a tool to protect the natural, cultural and social resources of communities. A community style that contributes and encourages cultural and natural conservation while creating opportunities to improve the standard of living of the community. This type of tourism provides the potential to create entrepreneurial opportunities for people with diverse backgrounds, skills and experiences, including rural communities, especially women. MethodologyData collection tools in this study included library studies to collect information related to research literature and then field research through observation and questionnaires. According to the study, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.921. The validity of the research was also examined qualitatively using the views of critics and experts. In this study, in order to investigate the factors affecting sociology in the study area, four dimensions of social, economic, environmental and management have been used. Also, in order to analyze and analyze the desired indicators and to zoning the communitybased living conditions, the Kriging and Hotspot method of intermediation is used. In other words, the method of data analysis is based on spatial statistics.  Results and discussion Spatial analysis in the form of kriging and hotspot is used to examine the social status of communitybased. Spatial distribution in the form of kriging, the state of communitybased tourism indicates the distribution of results in a westeast direction. In the western part of Gilan province, which includes the cities of Talesh, Rezvanshahr, the situation is better. On the other hand, Anzali city in the center and also Langrood, Rudsar and Rudbar have relatively favorable conditions in terms of communitybased tourism and this is itself. The main reason for the growth and income of rural people, the existence of tourism facilities and infrastructure in rural areas, is to benefit more from the village that has been created economically, comprehensive local satisfaction with the tourism situation, creation and local work by the community. Local, the existence of agricultural products, development in the village, increasing the investment of local people and institutions in treatment and tourism services, environmental management by local residents, the existence of participation and social cohesion among residents. ConclusionThe result was that for the distribution and social status of the communityoriented westeast, the situation in the western cities of Gilan province is much better and better than other areas, as well as areas in the center of the city of Foumin and help. . Bandar Anzali and in the east, the cities of Rudsar and Langrud are paying more attention to the situation. Finally, using the hotspot method (hot spots), the unequal situation of communitybased tourism in the region was investigated, which indicates the neutrality of most villages in the province, only a limited number of villages in the west of Gilan province (Talesh city) and in cities. Are located. Bandar Anzali, Rasht and Siahkal were favorable conditions and cold spots are prevalent in the villages of Astana Ashrafieh and Shaft.