microgrid operation optimization using optimal locating and sizing of phev parking lots considering various uncertainties

Microgrids, as a novel structure in power systems, utilize renewable energy sources and vehicle-to-grid (v2g) technology to enhance efficiency, reduce losses, and improve network reliability. this article investigates the optimal operation of a microgrid through the locating and sizing of parking lots for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (phevs) while considering various uncertainties. the study is conducted in two stages. initially, a comprehensive model is presented for the locating and sizing of parking lots and distributed generation (dg) resources, aiming to minimize operational costs, power losses, and construction costs in a 69-bus network. in the second stage, the optimal operation of the microgrid is analyzed with objectives such as energy management, optimal control of charging and discharging, increasing user profits, reducing losses, and improving network reliability. uncertainties such as load forecasting, renewable resource generation, travel patterns, and battery charge levels are modeled using probability distribution functions and scenario generation and reduction methods. for both stages, a hybrid pso-ga algorithm is employed.