the study of various legal systems, initially influenced by philosophical ideas, identified the effective cause based on the negative criterion of if it was not there. the focus of philosophical causation on subjective components and its distance from the objective facts of the incident caused lawyers to turn away from philosophical causation and tend towards an approach that is based on customary judgment regarding the causes of accidents and ordinary life experience. the customary causation approach also seems to be open to criticism due to the lack of precise criteria and the inability to identify the effective cause in accidents that require technical and specialized knowledge and reliance on the psychological element of predictability of damage. in the meantime, the typical causation approach is more appropriate than the previous two approaches. because instead of paying attention to psychological components and subjective evaluation of the effect of the absence of each factor on the occurrence of the accident, it relies on the technical evaluation of the data and objective facts of the accident and examines the typical ability of the factors and the effect of their interaction with each other in the occurrence of the accident. the criterion for establishing this capability is the existence of similar experiences to the disputed incident and the repetition of the same results in similar incidents, which leads to the formation of a kind of prevailing degree of probability that can be relied upon.