برآورد شاخص آسیب‌پذیری برده‌داری نوین در کشور ایران به تفکیک مناطق شهری و روستایی به روش فازی

یافته‌های حاصل از مطالعات و پژوهش‌های سازمان جهانی کار و سازمان جهانی مهاجرت (2022)، نشان می‌دهد که در سراسر دنیا، بیش از 40 میلیون نفر، قربانی انواعی از برده‌داری نوین هستند. از طرف دیگر مطالعات (نهاد) شاخص جهانی برده‌داری(2021)، بیانگر آن است که در کشور ایران، بیش از 495 هزار نفر «برده نوین» وجود دارد. پیدایش چنین آسیبی، محرکی برای بررسی این آسیب و عوامل موجد آن است که با محاسبه شاخص‌های آسیب‌پذیری آن برای ایران با روش فازی، می‌توان هدف فوق را محقق نمود. شاخص آسیب پذیری برده‌داری نوین به روش فازی در این مطالعه، در یک فرایند سه مرحله‌ای با استفاده از چهار مولفه 1. حمایت‌های سیاسی و مدنی؛ 2. حقوق اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سلامت؛ 3. امنیت شخصی و 4. جنگ و پناهندگی به دست خواهد آمد. در بخش اول مطالعه حاضر، ضمن بررسی مفهوم برده‌داری نوین و تشریح انواع آن، به تحلیل ادبیات موجود در این باب پرداخته‌ایم؛ پس از آن، شاخص آسیب‌پذیری برده‌داری نوین به تفکیک شهر و روستا و در نهایت، برای کل کشور محاسبه خواهد شد که با داشتن این شاخص، می توان شرایط برده‌داری را در سال‌های بین 1375 الی 1397 مورد بررسی قرار داد. یافته‌های این پژوهش، نشان می‌دهد که شاخص فوق برای بازه زمانی مذکور، دارای روند نزولی بوده است.

estimation of vulnerability index of modern slavery in urban and rural areas of iran by fuzzy method

the findings of the studies by the international labor organization and the international organization for migration (2022) show that all over the world, more than forty million people are victims of modern slavery. on the other hand, studies of the global slavery index (2016) show that there are more than 495,000 modern slaves in iran. the emergence of such a damage is a stimulus to investigate and study this phenomenon and its determinants by calculating the vulnerability indicators for iran.considering that there is no effective quantitative index in the field of improving the condition of slaves in iran, the general goal of this research is to estimate a fuzzy index that includes the dimensions of vulnerability of slaves between 1996 and 2018.we investigate the slavery situation in four dimensions: 1) political and civil support; 2) economic, social and health rights; 3) personal security and 4) refugees and conflict. the findings of this research show that the above-mentioned index has a downward trend during period under study.introductionslavery is any type of system in which the principles of property rights apply to humans and allow people (slaves) to be bought, sold, or owned by others like property. over the years, this concept has been objectified in various situations such as labor, military, pre-service, etc. the life of a slave, with all its difficulties and hardships, is not the end of his personal life, in the sense of losing all the opportunities of a normal life; because it is possible for a slave to free himself. a slave soldier can be promoted to a senior military rank, or even a slave can become an important person in society. however, in the 15th century, the atlantic slave trade destroyed this possibility. in such a way that over 400 years, 12 million africans were transported as slaves to european and american colonies and did not have the possibility to return to a normal life. even if they were freed from slavery, they were still deprived of some rights. until the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, efforts were made to dismantle the system of slavery and the slave trade, and this issue was banned in most countries.considering that there is no effective quantitative index in the field of improving the condition of slaves, the general goal of this research is to estimate a multidimensional index that includes the dimensions of vulnerability and the number of slaves. in other words, the main goal of this research is to calculate an index in the field of the status of slaves, separated by gender and province. the existence of this index helps policy makers to organize their actions in the field of slaves’ vulnerability.methodologyin this section, using an analytical-descriptive method, variables in four groups 1. political and civil support; 2. economic, social and health rights; 3. personal security and 4. war and asylum are categorized and, the vulnerability index of slaves will be estimated using the theory of fuzzy sets over the years. to calculate the fuzzy index of each of the aforementioned dimensions of the vulnerability index of slaves, it is necessary to consider variables for each of these dimensions.the indexing method for the vulnerability of slaves is three-step, so that first, a fuzzy index will be created for each of the above-mentioned dimensions using the fuzzy method. in the second stage, by combining two political and civil indicators, its fuzzy index is made, and for the economic and social dimensions, the corresponding fuzzy index is obtained.