development of an efficient sample preparation method based on homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction solidification of floating organic drop for trace analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and fruit juice samples

In this study, a simple and reliable sample preparation method based on an efficient version of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction solidification of floating organic drop has been introduced to analyze some pesticide residues in fruit and fruit juice samples with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. under the optimum experimental conditions, limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.20–0.60 and 0.66–2.0 μg l−1, respectively. the repeatability of the method was good and the relative standard deviations were less than 7 % for intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 4) precisions at a concentration of 50 μg l−1 of each analyte. high enrichment factors (3265–3728) and extraction recoveries (82–93 %) were obtained. finally, the method was applied for determination of pesticides in the selected samples and chlorpyrifos was found in strawberry at ng g−1 concentration. furthermore, no filtration was used in the cases of the fruit samples.