direct determination of ca, k, and mg in cocoa beans by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (libs): evaluation of three univariate calibration strategies for matrix matching

This study is dedicated to the direct analysis of ca, k, and mg by employing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (libs). three univariate calibration strategies, namely (i) one-point and multi-line calibration (op mlc), (ii) single-sample calibration (ssc), and (iii) two-point calibration transfer (tp ct), were evaluated and compared. only op mlc and tp ct presented precise and accurate results, where the trueness values ranged from 80 to 120% for most of the analyzed samples. moreover, the standard errors for all determined elements ranged from 0.01 to less than 0.20% of the concentration in the samples. these three calibration strategies showed that they are efficient and effective for matrix matching to correct matrix effects in complex samples using only one sample as the standard.