evaluation of freshness of fishes using mwcnt/tio2 nanobiocomposites based biosensor

In present work, we have developed a highly sensitive biosensor to evaluate the freshness of fishes by determining their xanthine level. this is based on xanthine oxidase (xox) immobilized on the nanocomposite platform of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (tio2/mwcnt). the biosensor exhibited excellent performances like linear relation in the range from 0.5 to 500 μm, detection limit of 0.5 μm (s/n = 3), and a rapid response time of 30 s. the biosensor showed excellent reproducibility, high selectivity, and long-term stability (60 days). the techniques like dynamic light scattering (dls), scanning electron microscopy (sem), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis), cyclic voltammetry (cv), and x-ray diffraction (xrd) were used to characterize the nanocomposite modified electrode. the current biosensor is very reliable and stable for the determination of the freshness of fishes.