تحلیل اقتصادی مهریه

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﭘﯽ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎرغ از اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺧﺮد، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر ازدواﺟﯽ اﻓﺮاد و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت درونﺧﺎﻧﻮادهای را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻈﺮی ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎی ﻧﻈﺮی ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ، ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺿﻤﻨﯽ ازدواج ﺑﺮای ﻣﺮدان ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮای ازدواج و ﺳﺮرﯾﺰ ﺷﺪن اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺮای ازدواج در آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎری ﻓﺮزﻧﺪآوری را ﺑﺮای ﻣﺮدان اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ و ﺑﺮای زﻧﺎن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎی واﮔﺮ ﺑﺮای ﻓﺮزﻧﺪآوری در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ، ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎری ﻃﻼق ﺑﺮای ﻣﺮد ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و ﺑﺮای زن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ رﻓﺘﺎر ﭘﺲاﻧﺪازی ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده را ﻣﺨﺘﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﻗﻮع ﻃﻼق ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻀﺎد در ﻣﺮد و زن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ اﮔﺮ زن ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﯾﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻣﻬﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻖ ﻃﻼق و ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان، ﮐﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﯿﺶ ﻓﺮض ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮد داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل آﻧﮑﻪ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻃﻼق ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﮐﺸﯿﺪه ﺷﻮد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.

An Economic Analysis of Mahr

This paper purports to analyze the effects of Mahr on marital behavior and some important intrafamily decisions by applying microeconomic tools. Theoretical analyses imply that an increase in Mahr increases the implicit price of marriage, and it would decrease demand for marriage and thereby increase demand for marriage substitutes. An increase in Mahr would increase the net expected benefit of fertility for the husband and would decline it for the wife. It creates divergent incentives for fertility in the family that might decrease it. Due to the contradictory incentives of wife and husband, the final effect of Mahr on the divorce is not theoretically predictable. However, it seems that if the wife is not inclined to exchange part or whole of her Mahr for divorce and custody rights (which are given to the husband by default), then domestic violence might increase in the divorce process.