بررسی وضعیت مدیریت نظام آموزش عالی ایران از دیدگاه مدیران عالی: گذشته، حال و آینده

Organizational development could be defined as a system wide organizational change to increase organization's effectiveness and health. organization, as an open system has numerous and various subsystems, chief among them are, goals and values subsystem, technical subsystem, structural subsystem, psychological subsystem and managerial subsystem. managerial subsystem with functions like planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, has a pivotal position, as other subsystems are heavily depended on it. this article is about managerial subsystem of higher education in iran which is based on chapter two of a doctoral dissertation titled: organizational development in managerial subsystem in higher education in iran. the article starts with and overview of changes and challenges of german and french universities in eighteen century. then characteristics of humboldtian and napoleonian types of universities are outlined. finally a meta analysis of managerial subsystem of higher education in iran (past, present, and future) is presented which is based on content analysis of interviews done with some of dignitaries, holding top administrative positions in the ministry of science, research and technology during 1990's and 2000's.keywords: higher education, management of higher education, napoleonian method, humboldtian method, collegial or clan management, bureaucratic or hierarchical management anarchical or adhocratic management, market or political management, cybernetic management, and academic autonomy.