بررسی شاخص‌های محتوایی و صوری ادبیات غنایی در غزلی از حسین منزوی

ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺎن ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ و اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﺣﺴﺎس و ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع را از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻧﻮاع ادﺑﯽ ﺟﺪا ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ و ﻫﺮ اﻧﺪازه، اﺣﺴﺎس و ﻋﺎﻃﻔﮥ ﺷﻌﺮی ﺷﺎﻋﺮ، ﻧﺮم ﺗﺮ و ﻟﻄﯿﻒ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻗﺪرت ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﻼم او ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. آﺷﮑﺎرﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺷﻌﺮ ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، ﻏﺰل اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ در آن، ﻃﺒﻊ آزﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ و آﺛﺎر درﺧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎی ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﻋﺮانِ ﻣﺸﻬﻮرِ ﻏﺰﻟﺴﺮای ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺰوی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻏﺰﻟﯿﺎت او ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل اﻫﻞ ﺷﻌﺮ و ادب روﺑﺮو ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ از اﯾﻦرو، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮی از روش ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ- ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، ﻏﺰﻟﯽ از ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺰوی را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ و ﺻﻮری ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ. ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺣﺴﺎﺳﯽ و ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ ﺑﻮدن، ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ و ﻋﺎرﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮدن، وﺻﻔﯽ ﺑﻮدن، ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت و ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ، داﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﻀﺎی ﻏﻢآﻟﻮد و ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ روی ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ اﺻﻠﯽ، از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ ﻏﺰل ﻣﻨﺰوی ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻟﻄﺎﻓﺖ و ﻧﺮﻣﯽ زﺑﺎن، اﺳﺘﻌﺎرات و ﺗﺸﺒﯿﻬﺎت ﻧﺮم و ﻟﻄﯿﻒ، ﮐﻠﻤﺎت و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎی ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ، زﯾﺎدی ﻣﺼﻮت ﻫﺎ و ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺎی «س و ش»، زﯾﺎدی واژه‌ «ﻣﻦ»، وﺟﻮد ردﯾﻒ، اﻟﺘﺰام، وزن ﻧﺮم و ﮐﺸﯿﺪه، ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺧﺎص ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺻﻮری زل ﻣﻨﺰوی ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺳﺨﻦ آﻧﮑﻪ، ﻏﺰل ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﺰلﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺰوی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و ﺻﻮرت، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ را داراﺳﺖ

examining the content and form indicators of lyrical literature in a sonnet by hossein manzavi

educational literature is one of the most important types of literature in the literature of different nations, especially in iran. the master teacher of education and training in persian literature is saadi, whose value is not hidden from anyone; therefore, this research aims to analyze the story of &saadi’s dispute with the moddai& based on the formal and content indicators of educational literature by using the library study method and in an analytical-descriptive way.the results of the studies show that features such as parables, high frequency of interrogative sentences, high frequency of imperative and prohibitive sentences, syntactic avoidance and shifting of sentence elements, dramatization of the topic, argumentation and interpretation of speech, words, combinations and interpretations of educational literature, simple and expressive image , the use of literary works of art in the direction of education, emphasis on the role of simile, simplicity and expressiveness of language and expression, audience and reader-centeredness, and being explicit are the most important formal characteristics and referring to quranic verses, hadiths and traditions, predestination perspective, rationalism and wisdom, monotonous approach (masculine approach), mention of moral teachings in the form of advice and admonition, being instructive and edifying, realism and avoiding fantasy are among the content features of saadi’s story. as a result of anke’s words, the story &saadi’s fight with the moddai& is one of the best educational stories in the field of educational literature