what types of aims are out there in a higher education system: a narrative review

Background: higher education plays a crucial role in economic, social, and cultural development, but it is facing a range of challenges, including globalization, highly competitive world, as well as the rapid development and application of technology. these challenges also arise and affect the health sector. it is essential to address the aims of education, as not only it reflects the cultural, social, and political philosophy of a country but also express the most important values that govern that society.objectives: the main objective of this study is to identify and categorize the types of aims mentioned for the higher educational systems and explore their significance as well as the existing approaches used to determine aims within the higher education system.methods: a narrative review was used to examine the available evidence on the aims of education. the study's objectives were divided into several sections to address following questions: a) what are the various types of educational aims? b) in what ways are aims demonstrated or realized within the realm of higher education? c) what is the connection between aims and the educational objectives in contemporary education systems? in this regard, we examined research papers and the governmental documents of educational systems.results: the aims of higher education could be categorized into four key areas: intellectual achievement, individual growth and development, social growth and socialization, and economic competition.conclusion: to thrive in the third millennium, it is imperative for higher education systems to establish clear and transparent aims that can effectively address the challenges they currently face. thus, it is crucial to comprehend the relationship between these concepts and factors, and define a desired aim based on local values in every education system.