ﻓﺮاﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪی ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدی داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان

ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدی ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻓﮑﺮی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی، ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی و ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ، دادهﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ، ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ، اﺳﺘﺪﻻل و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻓﺮا ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه در اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﻓﺮا ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی در دﺳﺘﺮس در راﺑﻄﻪ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن در ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدی در ﺑﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎی اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ راﯾﺎﻧﻪای در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﺮان، از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺟﻬﺎد داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ )sid(، ﺑﺎﻧﮏ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﺸﺮﯾﺎت ﮐﺸﻮر )ﻣﮕﯿﺮان(، ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺠﻼت ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﻧﻮر )ﻧﻮرﻣﮕﺰ( در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی 1380 ﺗﺎ 1400 و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎی ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ pubmed ،science direct و google scholar ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی 2000 ﺗﺎ 2021 ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻼک ورود و ﺧﺮوج ﺑﺮای ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ 25 اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ از 23 ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار cma ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪی ﻣﺪل ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 1/0 ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ازﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎری ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار و ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن در ﭘﺮورش ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدی آﻧﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﺮای ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزش رﺳﻤﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

meta-analysis of the effectiveness of teaching philosophy program on students' critical thinking

critical thinking is a thought process that is based on conclusions, decision-making and drawing, related data including analysis, explanation, hypothesis, reasoning and development of thinking. the present research was done by meta-analysis method and by combining the research on teaching philosophy’s effectiveness to children. the statistical population of the current meta-analysis of the available research regarding the effectiveness of teaching philosophy to children in critical thinking in available computer databases in iran, such as the academic jihad scientific database (sid), the national journals database (magiran), and the database of specialized journals. noor (noor mags) from 1380 to 1400, as well as foreign scientific databases science direct, pubmed, and google scholar, published from 2000 to 2021. based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for primary research and sensitivity analysis, 25 effect sizes from 23 studies were examined by cma software. the results of this research showed that the effect size of the random model summary was equal to 1.00, which is statistically significant and indicates the positive effects on philosophy on children in developing their critical thinking skills. therefore, it is suggested that teaching philosophy for children should be included in formal education programs.