بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی پودر سس پنیر فراسودمند حاوی عصاره هسته‌ی خرما و پودر آب پنیر

سس پنیر یکی از محصولات لبنی نسبتاً جدید است که می تواند سبب افزایش سرانه مصرف پنیر و نیز جایگزین سس های ناسالم گردد. فراسودمندسازی با افزایش ترکیبات مفید به ماده­ی خوراکی ضمن حفظ شکل ظاهری سبب بهبود ویژگی های آن می گردد. امروزه به‌دلیل اهمیت ترکیباتی مانند اسیدهای چرب ضروری، آنتی اکسیدان ها و فیبر، تقاضا برای مصرف محصولات حاوی این ترکیبات در رژیم غذایی بسیار بالاست. عصاره ی هسته خرما حاوی فیبر، آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها، لیگنان ها و اسیدهای چرب ضروری می باشد. از سویی آب پنیر نیز دارای ویژگی های تغذیه ای فراوان می باشد. هدف از این پژوهش تهیه سس پنیر با استفاده از چنین ترکیباتی است تا ضمن تهیه محصولی فراسودمند بتوان از هدر رفت موادجانبی ارزشمند نیز جلوگیری کرد. در این پژوهش به بررسی اثر عصاره هسته ی خرما در مقادیر صفر (شاهد)، 5 و 15 درصد به فرمول سس پنیر در حضور و عدم حضور آب پنیر بر ویژگی های فیزیکوشیمیایی نمونه های پودر سس پنیر پرداخته شد. نتایج نشان دادند که افزودن آب پنیر و عصاره هسته ی خرما به سس پنیر بطور معنی‌داری سبب افزایش ویژگی هایی مانند درصد ماده خشک، حلالیت پودر، ترکیبات فنلی، خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ویسکوزیته نسبت به نمونه کنترل شد. اما از طرفی افزایش عصاره هسته خرما و آب پنیر در مقادیر 15 درصد میزان پروتئین سس پنیر را کاهش داد. نتایج ارزیابی ویژگی های حسی نمونه ها نیز نشان داد که بیشترین مقبولیت حسی مربوط به نمونه ی با 5 درصد عصاره ی هسته ی خرما در حضور آب پنیر بود.

investigating the physicochemical properties of functional cheese sauce powder containing date kernel extract and whey powder

introductionone of the relatively new dairy products is cheese sauce, which can increase the consumption of cheese per capita and replace unhealthy sauces. process functionality achieved by adding useful compounds to food in order to improve properties of foods while maintaining its appearance. nowadays, due to the importance of some compounds such as essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fiber, the demand for consuming products containing these compounds in the diet is increasing. date kernel extract contains fiber, antioxidants, lignans and essential fatty acids. also, date kernels contain micronutrient such as selenium, iron, calcium, phenolic compounds, sterols, tocopherols, metal ions and essential amino acids. the functional properties of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in date kernels have also been proven. on the other hand, whey as a by-product in dairy plants has many nutritional properties and  contains many essential and functional amino acids. in addition to the nutritional properties of whey powder, its technological properties such as creating viscosity are considered important in sauces formulation. the purpose of this research was to prepare cheese sauce using such compounds so that while preparing a useful product, it is possible to prevent the wastage of valuable by-products. materials and methodsin this research, in order to prepare cheese sauce powder, the homogenized mixture was turned into powder by a spray dryer at 180°c. during the treatment of samples, date kernel extract was formulated at three levels of zero (control), 5 and 15%. in the treatments, one sample without whey and another sample with 15% of the final formula was considered. the effect of date kernel extract and whey on the physicochemical properties of cheese sauce powder samples were investigated by determining solubility, dry matter, protein, total phenol, ph, viscosity and antioxidant activity. the organoleptic properties of samples, were also studied in 5-hedonic points. the results were analyzed in the form of a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. the software used was spss and the comparison of mean was done by duncan’s method at the 5% level. graphs were plotted using excel software. results and discussionthe results showed that increasing the level of date kernel extract in the formulation of cheese sauce powder containing whey led to the improvement of the antioxidant power of cheese sauce and its phenolic compounds due to the presence of compounds such as gallic acid and cysteine amino acids in whey. high levels of date kernel extract in the presence of whey improved its solubility due to the increase in the amount of protein and dry matter of the sauce powder. it was also observed in the results obtained from the viscosity measurement that the presence of whey along with the date kernel extract reduced the viscosity by adjusting the percentage of carbohydrates. the result obtained in relation to the reduction of protein percentage in the conditions of simultaneous use of whey and date kernel extract was probably due to the precipitation of whey proteins based on the interaction with the carbohydrate components of date kernel extract leading to formation of unsolved products during the drying process. the presence of protein and essential amino acids, carbohydrates and fiber, mineral salts, vitamins and antioxidants in the final product increased the percentage of dry matter in samples containing  high percentage of extract along with whey. changes in ph were also not significant in different treatments. overall, the results showed that the use of seemingly useless compounds can be significantly effective on the properties of cheese sauce and improve the properties of cheese sauce and finally produce a functional product.